CHILD PROTECTION ASSESSEMENT IN SOMALIA FINAL REPORT UNICEF/SOMALI-CHILD PROTECTION AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY 31 AUGUST 2019 i TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ xii DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ........................................................................................................ xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Context........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Assessment Areas of Focus ...................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Purpose of the Assessment........................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 6 2.1 The Context ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Administrative Regions of Somalia .......................................................................................... 6 2.3 Somalia Judicial System ........................................................................................................... 7 2.4 History of the Civil War in Somalia ......................................................................................... 7 2.5 Effects of Civil War in Somalia ................................................................................................ 8 2.6 Effect of the Civil War on Health in Somalia ........................................................................... 9 2.7Child Protection Situation in Somalia........................................................................................ 9 2.8 Child Protection Issues in Somalia ......................................................................................... 10 2.9 Legal, Policy and Institutional Frameworks ........................................................................... 11 2.9.1 Laws and Policies ......................................................................................................... 11 2.9.2 International Law and Conventions .............................................................................. 13 2.9.3 Institutional Framework for Child Protection .............................................................. 13 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 15 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 15 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15 ii 3.2 The Assessment Process ......................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Phase I: Updating the Situational Desk Review (SDR) ............................................... 15 3.2.2 Phase II: Consultative Meetings and Review ............................................................... 15 3.2.3 Phase III: Research Team, Organization, Training and Capacity Building ................. 16 3.2.4 Phase IV: Data Collection ............................................................................................ 16 3.3 Assessment Design ................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 Study Sites .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.5 Study Population and Participants .......................................................................................... 17 3.6 Sampling Process .................................................................................................................... 17 3.6.1 Stage 1: Selection of Assessment Areas ....................................................................... 17 3.6.2 Stage 2: Sampling Frame and Sample Size Determination .......................................... 19 3.6.2.1Sampling and Sample Size Determination ............................................................. 19 3.6.3 Sampling Strategies ...................................................................................................... 19 3.6.3.1Stratified and Systematic Random Sampling ......................................................... 19 3.6.3.2 Qualitative Sampling: Purposive Sampling Procedure .......................................... 20 3.6.4 Summary of Tools and Sample Size per Region .......................................................... 20 3.7 South Central Region .............................................................................................................. 20 3.7.1 Data Quality Assurance ................................................................................................ 21 3.7.2 Data Processing and Analysis....................................................................................... 21 3.7.2.1 Qualitative Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 21 3.7.2.2 Quantitative Data Analysis .................................................................................... 21 3.8 Guides on Research Ethics...................................................................................................... 21 3.9 Limitations .............................................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 23 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS ....................................................................................................... 23 4.1Regions of Study ...................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Social Demographics .............................................................................................................. 23 4.3 Settlement ............................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Community Awareness of Situations that Endanger the Lives of Children ........................... 29 4.5 Community Identification of Situations That Endanger the Life of Children ........................ 29 4.6 Child Protection Issues Identified Across the Country ........................................................... 30 4.7 Child Labour ........................................................................................................................... 31 iii 4.8 Gender and Child Labour ........................................................................................................ 32 4.8.1Separated Children ........................................................................................................ 32 4.8.2 Causes of Child Separation........................................................................................... 33 4.8.3 Number of Children Separated ..................................................................................... 33 4.8.4 Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting ............................................................................... 34 4.8.5 Early and Forced Marriage ........................................................................................... 34 4.8.6 Children Out of School ................................................................................................. 34 4.8.7 Physical Abuse ............................................................................................................. 34 4.8.8 Children Associated with Armed Groups ..................................................................... 34 4.8.9 Child Trafficking .......................................................................................................... 35 4.8.10 Sexual Violence .......................................................................................................... 35 4.8.11 Drugs and