© Copyright Hussein Ahmed Fouad Hussein Mohamed Hussein Kareem Emad Azmy Mohamed Ahmed Kamel Nourhan Gamal Mohamed Omar Mohamed Badran SkyComm Mobile access for aviation industry By Hussein Ahmed Fouad Hussein Mohamed Hussein Kareem Emad Azmy Mohamed Ahmed Kamel Nourhan Gamal Mohamed Omar Mohamed Badran Under supervision of Dr. Hassan Mustafa Hassan Dr. Tawfik Ismail Tawfik A Graduation Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Giza, Egypt July 2016 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ II LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................VII LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................................XII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. XIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: GSM ...................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 First mobile generation (1G) ......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Second mobile generation (2G) .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Third mobile Generation (3G) ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1.4 Fourth generation network (4G) ..................................................................................................10 2.2 GSM IN DETAILS AND WHY WE ARE USING GSM TECHNOLOGY IN OUR PROJECT? ...............................13 2.3 GSM STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................15 2.3.1 Base station system ......................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Network switching subsystem .....................................................................................................18 2.3.3 Operation support system ............................................................................................................20 CHAPTER 3: SDR & OPENBTS ..............................................................................................................21 3.1 SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO .................................................................................................................21 3.1.1 Definition .....................................................................................................................................21 3.1.2 SDR Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................22 3.1.3 Operation concept ........................................................................................................................23 3.1.4 Advantages of SDR .....................................................................................................................23 3.1.5 SDR Application ..........................................................................................................................24 3.2 UNIVERSAL SOFTWARE RADIO PERIPHERAL (USRP) ...........................................................................24 3.2.1 UHD (USRP Hardware Driver) ...................................................................................................25 3.2.2 Products .......................................................................................................................................26 3.2.3 USRP Component ........................................................................................................................26 3.2.4 USRP N210 .................................................................................................................................27 3.2.5 Daughterboards ............................................................................................................................31 3.2.6 Antennas ......................................................................................................................................33 3.2.7 USRP Applications ......................................................................................................................33 ii 3.3 OPENBTS (OPEN BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION) .................................................................................35 3.3.1 OpenBTS and traditional GSM ....................................................................................................35 3.3.2 OpenBTS Advantage ...................................................................................................................37 3.3.3 OpenBTS requirements ................................................................................................................37 3.4 OPENBTS APPLICATION SUITE .............................................................................................................38 3.4.1 OpenBTS .....................................................................................................................................39 3.4.2 Transceiver ..................................................................................................................................39 3.4.3 SMQueue .....................................................................................................................................39 3.4.4 SIP router/PBX ............................................................................................................................39 3.4.5 SIPAuthServe ..............................................................................................................................39 3.5 OPENBTS APPLICATION PROTOCOLS ...................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 4: SKYCOMM SOLUTION FOR AVIATION INDUSTRY ..............................................42 4.1 MOTIVATION ........................................................................................................................................42 4.2 SAFETY DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................42 4.3 SOLUTION OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................................43 4.4 CALL FLOW DURING FLIGHT .................................................................................................................44 4.4.1 Mobile Equipment .......................................................................................................................44 4.4.2 The leaky feeder...........................................................................................................................44 4.4.3 The ANC (Active Noise Cancellation) ........................................................................................48 4.4.4 Core Network ...............................................................................................................................48 4.4.5 Satellite unit (SU) ........................................................................................................................49 4.4.6 Satellite Link ................................................................................................................................52 4.4.7 How to reach mobile phone from Earth station? .........................................................................56 CHAPTER 5: INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................59 5.1 HARDWARE COMPONENT .....................................................................................................................59 5.2 LINUX SERVER .....................................................................................................................................59 5.3 SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO .................................................................................................................60 5.4 ANTENNAS ...........................................................................................................................................61 5.5 OPERATING SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT SETUP ........................................................62 5.6 GIT COMPATIBILITY .............................................................................................................................62