THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN PUBLISHED BY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Editorial Board E. G. CONKLIN, Princeton University CARL R. MOORE, University of Chicago E. N. HARVEY, Princeton University GEORGE T. MOORE, Missouri Botanical Garden SELIG HECHT, Columbia University T jj MORGAN, California Institute of Technology LEIGH HOADLEY, Harvard University Q H pARKER Harvard University L. IRVING, Swarthmore College A ' C ' REDFffiLD, Harvard University M. H. JACOBS, University of Pennsylvania Columbia H. S. JENNINGS, Johns Hopkins University F. SCHRADER, University FRANK R. LILLIE, University of Chicago DOUGLAS WHITAKER, Stanford University H. B. STEINBACH, Washington University Managing Editor VOLUME 89 AUGUST TO DECEMBER, 1945 Printed and Issued by LANCASTER PRESS, Inc. PRINCE & LEMON STS. LANCASTER, PA. 11 THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN is issued six times a year at the Lancaster Press, Inc., Prince and Lemon Streets, Lancaster, Penn- sylvania. Subscriptions and similar matter should be addressed to The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Agent for Great Britain: Wheldon and Wesley, Limited, 2, 3 and 4 Arthur Street, New Oxford Street, London, W. C. 2. Single numbers, $1.75. Subscription per volume (three issues), $4.50. Communications relative to manuscripts should be sent to the Managing Editor, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, between July 1 and October 1, and to the Depart- ment of Zoology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, during the remainder of the year. Entered as second-class matter May 17, 1930, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of August 24, 1912. LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA. CONTENTS No. 1. AUGUST, 1945 PAGE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 1 WHITING, ANNA Dominant lethality and correlated chromosome effects in Habrobracon eggs x-rayed in diplotene and in late metaphase I 61 HARVEY, ETHEL BROWNE Stratification and breaking of the Arbacia punctulata egg when cen- trifuged in single salt solutions 72 PACE, D. M. The effect of cyanide on respiration in Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia 76 METZ, CHARLES B. The agglutination of starfish sperm by fertilizin 84 KOZLOFF, EUGENE N. Cochliophilus depressus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Cochliophilus minor sp. nov., holotrichous ciliates from the mantle cavity of Phytia setifer (Cooper) 95 SCHEER, BRADLEY T. The development of marine fouling communities 103 SPIEGELMAN, S. AND FLORENCE MOOG A comparison of the effects of cyanide and azide on the development of frogs' eggs 122 No. 2. OCTOBER, 1945 KIDDER, GEORGE W. AND VIRGINIA C. DEWEY Studies on the biochemistry of Tetrahymena. IV. Amino acids and their relation to the biosynthesis of thiamine 131 LEFEVRE, PAUL G. Certain chemical factors influencing artificial activation of Nereis eggs. 144 HlBBARD, HOPE AND GEORGE I. LAVIN A study of the Golgi apparatus in chicken gizzard epithelium by means of the quartz microscope 157 HAYASHI, TERU Dilution medium and survival of the spermatozoa of Arbacia punctulata. I. Effect of the medium on fertilizing power 162 KOZLOFF, EUGENE N. Heterocineta phoronopsidis sp. nov., a ciliate from the tentacles of Phoronopsis viridis Hilton 180 ABSTRACTS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, SUMMER OF 1945 184 MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY H. S. JENNINGS, University of California C. E. McCLUNG, University of Pennsylvania S. O. MAST, Johns Hopkins University A. P. MATHEWS, University of Cincinnati T. H. MORGAN, California Institute of Technology W. J. V. OSTERHOUT, Rockefeller Institute G. H. PARKER, Harvard University W. B. SCOTT, Princeton University TO SERVE UNTIL 1948 ERIC G. BALL, Harvard University Medical School R. CHAMBERS, Washington Square College, New York University EUGENE F. DuBois, Cornell University Medical College COLUMBUS ISELIN, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution C. W. METZ, University of Pennsylvania H. H. PLOUGH, Amherst College E. W. SINNOTT, Yale University W. R. TAYLOR, University of Michigan TO SERVE UNTIL 1947 W. C. ALLEE, The University of Chicago G. H. A. CLOWES, Lilly Research Laboratory P. S. GALTSOFF, U. S. Fish and Wild Life Service L. V. HEILBRUNN, University of Pennsylvania LAURENCE IRVING, Swarthmore College J. H. NORTHROP, Rockefeller Institute A. H. STURTEVANT, California Institute of Technology LORANDE L. WOODRUFF, Yale University TO SERVE UNTIL 1946 DUGALD E. S. BROWN, New York University E. R. CLARK, University of Pennsylvania OTTO C. GLASER, Amherst College E. N. HARVEY, Princeton University M. H. JACOBS, University of Pennsylvania F. P. KNOWLTON, Syracuse University FRANZ SCHRADER, Columbia University B. H. WILLIER, Johns Hopkins University TO SERVE UNTIL 1945 W. R. AMBERSON, University of Maryland School of Medicine L. G. BARTH, Columbia University S. C. BROOKS, University of California W. C. CURTIS, University of Missouri H. B. GOODRICH, Wesleyan University R. S. LILLIE, The University of Chicago A. C. REDFIELD, Harvard University C. C. SPEIDEL, University of Virginia EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES LAWRASON RIGGS, Ex officio, Chairman E. N. HARVEY, Ex officio D. M. BRODIE, Ex officio ACT OF INCORPORATION CHARLES PACKARD, Ex officio E. G. BALL, to serve until 1946 L. G. BARTH ROBERT CHAMBERS, to serve until 1945 WM. RANDOLPH TAYLOR THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE A. C. REDFIELD, Chairman E. G. BALL S. C. BROOKS M. E. KRAHL J. W. MAYOR THE APPARATUS COMMITTEE D. E. S. BROWN, Chairman C. L. CLAFF G. FAILLA S. E. HILL A. K. PARPART THE SUPPLY DEPARTMENT COMMITTEE D. A. MARSLAND, Chairman P. B. ARMSTRONG P. S. GALTSOFF R. T. KEMPTON CHARLES PACKARD THE EVENING LECTURE COMMITTEE B. H. WILLIER, Chairman M. H. JACOBS CHARLES PACKARD THE INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE H. B. GOODRICH, Chairman W. C. ALLEE S. C. BROOKS VIKTOR HAMBURGER CHARLES PACKARD, Ex officio THE BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS COMMITTEE E. G. BALL, Chairman D. P. COSTELLO MRS. E. N. HARVEY ROBERTS RUGH MRS. C. C. SPEIDEL II. ACT OF INCORPORATION No. 3170 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Be It Known, That whereas Alpheus Hyatt, William Sanford Stevens, William T. Sedgwick, Edward G. Gardiner, Susan Minns, Charles Sedgwick Minot, Samuel Wells, William G. Farlow, Anna D. Phillips, and B. H. Van Vleck have associated themselves with the intention of forming a Corporation under the name of the Marine Biological Laboratory, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a laboratory or station for scientific study and investigation, and a school for instruction in biology and natural his- tory, and have complied with the provisions of the statutes of this Commonwealth in such MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY case made and provided, as appears from the certificate of the President, Treasurer, and Trustees of said Corporation, duly approved by the Commissioner of Corporations, and recorded in this office ; Now, therefore, I, HENRY B. PIERCE, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, do hereby certify that said A. Hyatt, W. S. Stevens, W. T. Sedgwick, E. G. Gardi- ner, S. Minns, C. S. Minot, S. Wells, W. G. Farlow, A. D. Phillips, and B. H. Van Vleck, their associates and successors, are legally organized and established as, and are hereby made, an existing Corporation, under the name of the MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB- ORATORY, with the powers, rights, and privileges, and subject to the limitations, duties, and restrictions, which by law appertain thereto. Witness my official signature hereunto subscribed, and the seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts hereunto affixed, this twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Eighty-Eight. [SEAL] HENRY B. PIERCE, Secretary of the Commonwealth. III. BY-LAWS OF THE CORPORATION OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY of I. The members of the Corporation shall consist of persons elected by the Board Trustees. II. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a President, Vice President, Di- rector, Treasurer, and Clerk. III. The Annual Meeting of the members shall be held on the second Tuesday in August in each year, at the Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, at 11:30 A.M., and at such meeting the members shall choose by ballot a Treasurer and a Clerk to serve business one year, and eight Trustees to serve four years, and shall transact such other be as may properly come before the meeting. Special meetings of the members may called by the Trustees to be held at such time and place as may be designated. IV. Twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. V. Any member in good standing may vote at any meeting, either in person or by proxy duly executed. VI. Inasmuch as the time and place of the Annual Meeting of members are fixed by these By-laws, no notice of the Annual Meeting need be given. Notice of any special meeting of members, however, shall be given by the Clerk by mailing notice of the time and place and purpose of such meeting, at least fifteen (15) days before such meeting, to each member at his or her address as shown on the records of the Corporation. VII. The Annual Meeting of the Trustees shall be held on the second Tuesday in 10 August in each year, at the Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., at A.M. Special be meetings of the Trustees shall be called by the President, or by any seven Trustees, to notice held at such time and place as may be designated, and the Secretary shall give on thereof by written or printed notice, mailed to each Trustee at his address as shown such the records of the Corporation, at least one (1) week before the meeting. At Trustees of special meeting only matters stated in the notice shall be considered. Seven business at those eligible to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any meeting. VIII. There shall be three groups of Trustees : (A) Thirty-two Trustees chosen by the Corporation, divided into four classes, each in there shall be two of Trustees as follows : to serve four years ; and addition groups President of the Cor- (B) Trustees ex officio, who shall be the President and Vice and poration, the Director of the Laboratory, the Associate Director, the Treasurer, the Clerk; REPORT OF THE TREASURER 5 (C) Trustees Emeritus, who shall be elected from the Trustees by the Corporation.