BIPV Design and Performance Modelling: Tools and Methods Report IEA-PVPS T15-09:2019 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME BIPV Design and Performance Modelling: Tools and Methods IEA PVPS Task 15 Subtask E – Demonstration Draft Report IEA-PVPS T15-09: 2019 October 2019 Editors: Nebojsa Jakica (University of Southern Denmark, Denmark), Rebecca J. Yang (RMIT University, Australia) Johannes Eisenlohr (Fraunhofer ISE, Germany) Authors: Nebojsa Jakica, Mikkel Kragh (University of Southern Denmark, Denmark), Rebecca J. Yang W.M.Pabasara, U. Wijeratne, Eric Too, Ron Wakefield (RMIT University, Australia), Johannes Eisenlohr (Fraunhofer ISE, Germany), Simon Boddaert (Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, France), Pierluigi Bonomo, Erika Saretta, Francesco Frontini (SUPSI, Switzerland), Alessandra Zanelli (Politecnico di Milano, Italy), Sara Freitas (Lisboa E-Nova and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal), Philippe ALAMY (EnerBIM, France), Jonathan Leloux (LuciSun, Belgium) Cover photo: Study of Solar Radiation Potential for BIPV in NY, developed by University of Southern Denmark (courtesy of Nebojsa Jakica). ISBN: 978-3-906042-86-2 Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 2. Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 8 3. Previous Studies and Reviews .................................................................................................... 9 4. Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 13 5. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 14 6. Analysis of BIPV Planning Process ............................................................................................ 16 6.1. BIPV Design ....................................................................................................................................... 16 6.1.1. BIPV planning ................................................................................................................................. 16 6.1.2. Building Type .................................................................................................................................. 18 6.1.3. Interactive design ........................................................................................................................... 19 6.1.4. BIPV and Building Standards .......................................................................................................... 20 6.1.5. Building integration ....................................................................................................................... 21 6.1.6. Level of Development ..................................................................................................................... 22 6.2. Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 24 6.2.1. Terrain/Surroundings ..................................................................................................................... 24 6.2.2. Weather data ................................................................................................................................. 26 6.3. BIPV Performance Modelling ............................................................................................................ 28 6.3.1. Simple vs. Complex BIPV cases ....................................................................................................... 28 6.3.2. Loss mechanisms ............................................................................................................................ 28 6.3.3. Irradiance on PV ............................................................................................................................. 29 6.3.4. Temperature of PV ......................................................................................................................... 40 6.3.5. Electric DC output of PV ................................................................................................................. 40 6.3.6. Power electronics /electric AC output of PV .................................................................................. 41 6.3.7. Grid Infrastructure and limitations ................................................................................................ 41 6.3.8. Integrated PV performance models ............................................................................................... 42 6.3.9. Additional important aspects of BIPV performance modeling ...................................................... 43 6.3.10. Databases .................................................................................................................................... 45 6.3.11. Grid Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 47 6.4. Building Performance Simulation ..................................................................................................... 47 3 6.4.1. Structural ....................................................................................................................................... 47 6.4.2. Energy demand .............................................................................................................................. 48 6.4.3. Energy PV yield............................................................................................................................... 49 6.4.4. Energy Price ................................................................................................................................... 49 6.4.5. Emissions ........................................................................................................................................ 49 6.4.6. Other .............................................................................................................................................. 50 6.4.7. Optioneering .................................................................................................................................. 51 6.5. Economics ......................................................................................................................................... 52 6.5.1. Costs ............................................................................................................................................... 52 6.5.2. Benefits .......................................................................................................................................... 53 6.5.3. Finance Modes ............................................................................................................................... 54 6.5.4. Financial Analyses .......................................................................................................................... 55 6.5.5. Government Incentives .................................................................................................................. 56 7. Tools’ comparative analysis ..................................................................................................... 58 8. Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 62 9. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 67 10. Future work ........................................................................................................................... 68 This report consists of 82 pages, including the covers. Incomplete or misleading publication of the results is forbidden. Any part of this report may be reproduced, upon specific acknowledgment to IEA PVPS International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme. October, 2019 Nebojsa Jakica Rebecca J. Yang Johannes Eisenlohr Editors of this report 4 Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries. The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the technological collaboration programmes (TCP’s) on research and development within the International Energy Agency (IEA). IEA PVPS has been established in 1993, and participants in the programme have been conducting a variety of joint projects regarding applications of photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy into electricity. The mission of the PVPS is “…to enhance the international collaboration efforts which accelerate