Scan of Law and Policies Affecting Human Rights, Discrimination and Access to HIV and Health Services by Key Populations in Pakistan Proposed citation: UNDP (2014). Scan of Law and Policies Affecting Human Rights, Discrimination and Access to HIV and Health Services by Key Populations in Pakistan. Bangkok, UNDP. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in more than 170 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Copyright © UNDP 2014 United Nations Development Programme 4th Floor, Serena Business ComplexKhayaban-e-Suharwardy Islamabad,Pakistan Tel: +92-51-835 5600 Fax: +92-51-2600254-5 Web: http://www.pk.undp.org Cover photo: Tracey Burton Design: Inís Communication B Scan of Law and Policies Affecting Human Rights, Discrimination and Access to HIV and Health Services by Key Populations in Pakistan Table of Contents FOREWORD V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. VII PART I - INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . .2 . 1 Introduction . 2. PART II - INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS . 5. Chapter 2 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS . .6 . 1 Introduction . 6. 2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 6 3 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . .6 . 4 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights . .7 . 5 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women . .8 PART III - CONSTITUTION . 9. Chapter 3 CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN . 12 1 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . 12. 2 Distribution of Legislative Powers . 13. 3 Practical Impact of the 18th Amendment . .15 . PART IV - LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK. 17 Chapter 4 HEALTH LAWS. 18 1 Allopathic Systems (Prevention of Misuse) Ordinance, 1962 . .18 . 2 Allopathic System (Prevention of Misuse) (West Pakistan) Rules, 1968 . 19 3 Clinical Laboratories Law. 21 4 Health Services, Health Institutions and Regulatory Authoritories . .21 . 5 Blood Transfusion Law . 24 . 6 General Health Related Laws. 25 Chapter 5 HIV LAWS . 26 1 Disabled Person (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance, 1981 . 26. 2 HIV & AIDS Prevention and Treatment Act, 2007 (Bill) . 27. 3 HIV (Safety and Control) Act, 2010 (Bill) . .29 . 4 Observations on the HIV Bills. 32 5 Relevant Provisions of the Pakistan Penal Code . 33. Chapter 6 HIV ORDINANCE IN SINDH . 34 1 Introduction . 34 . 2 Sindh HIV Control Treatment and Protection Ordinance, 2013 . .34 . 3 Observations on the Sindh HIV Law. 42 Chapter 7 INJECTING DRUG USERS AND THE LAW. 43 1 Control of Narcotic Substances Act . 43. 2 Punjab Vagrancy Ordinance, 1958 . 46. 3 Vagrancy (Karachi Division) Act, 1950 . .49 . Chapter 8 LAWS RELATED TO FSWs. 52 1 Laws Related To FSWs . .52 . 2 Pakistan Penal Code . .57 . 3 Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking Ordinance, 2002 . 58 . Chapter 9 TRANSGENDER PEOPLE, MSM/MSWs AND THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK . .61 1 Khawaja Saras Bill 2012 . .61 . 2 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . 64. 3 Pakistan Penal Code . .64 . Chapter 10 CHILDREN AND LAW . 65. 1 Guardian and Wards Act, 1890 . .65 . 2 Majority Act, 1875 . 70. 3 Punjab Educational Institutions (Promotion and Regulation) Ordinance, 1984 . 70 4 Juvenile Justice System. 72 5 Pakistan Employment of Children Act, 1991 . .76 . 6 Workers Children (Education) Ordinance, 1972 . .81 . 7 Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 . 82. Chapter 11 WOMEN AND LAW . 84 . 1 Sexual Health and Reproductive Rights . .84 . 2 Abortion . 85. 3 Maternal Rights . 91. Chapter 12 LAWS OF GENERAL APPLICATION. 96 1 West Pakistan Minimum Wages for Unskilled Workers Ordinance, 1969 . 96. 2 Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal Act . 98. 3 Workers Welfare Fund Ordinance, 1971. 98 4 Electronic Crimes Act, 2003. 101 PART V - POLICIES 105 Chapter 13 HIV POLICIES . 106. 1 National HIV and AIDS Policy – Final Draft 2007 . 106. Chapter 14 NARCOTICS POLICIES. 113 1 National Anti Narcotics Policy 2010 (Updated August 2011) . 113. 2 Drug Abuse Control Master Plan 2010 – 14 . 120 3 Anti-Narcotic Force . 126 PART VI - KEY AFFECTED POPULATIONS . .129 . Chapter 15 PLHIV / IDUs . 130 1 Introduction . .130 . 2 Group Interview with PLHIV . .130 . 3 NGO in Rawalpindi . .132 . 4 AIDS Control Programme . 132 5 NGO Working with IDUs in Islamabad . .133 . Chapter 16 FEMALE SEX WORKERS. 134 1 Introduction . .134 . 2 Karachi Perspective . 134. 3 In the Walled City of Lahore . 137. 4 Home Based FSWs in Lahore . .139 . 5 NGO Working with FSWs in Lahore . 140 . Chapter 17 THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY. 141 1 Introduction . .141 . 2 Constitution . .141 . 3 Laws Criminalizing Eunuchs . 142. 4 Eastern Inheritence – Western Perspective. 143 5 Field Research . 144 . Chapter 18 MSM AND MSW . 147. 1 Field Research . 147 . 2 Observations . 150 Chapter 19 WOMEN . .151 . 1 NGO Working with Rape Victims in Karachi . 151 PART VII - FINDINGS . 153 Chapter 20 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT. 154 1 Observations and Comments on Specific Laws . 154. 2 Observations on the National HIV/AIDS Policy – FINAL DRAFT 2007 . 161. 3 Narcotics Policies . 165 4 Broad Overview of the Legislative Framework . 165. 5 Gaps in the Legislative and Policy Framework . 166. Chapter 21 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS – KAPs . 168. 1 PLHIV . 168. 2 MSWs / MSM . .168 . 3 FSWs . 168 4 Transgender People . ..