Hua A'aga: Basket Stories from the Field, The Tohono O'odham Community of A:L Pi'ichkiñ (Pitiquito), Sonora Mexico Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Naranjo, Reuben Vasquez Jr. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 04:56:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202767 HUA A’AGA: BASKET STORIES FROM THE FIELD, THE TOHONO O’ODHAM COMMUNITY OF A:L PI’ICHKIÑ (PITIQUITO), SONORA MEXICO. by Reuben Vasquez Naranjo Jr _________________________ Copyright © Reuben Vasquez Naranjo Jr 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2011 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation prepared by Reuben Naranjo Jr entitled Hua a’aga: Basket stories from the field, the Tohono O’odham Community of A:l Pi’ichkiñ (Pitiquito), Sonora Mexico, and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 K. Tsianina Lomawaima, Ph.D. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 Nancy J. Parezo, Ph.D. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 Elizabeth Kennedy, Ph.D. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 Michael Brescia, Ph.D. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 Aurore Chabot, M.F.A. Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 08/02/11 Dissertation Director: K. Tsianina Lomawaima, Ph.D. 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Reuben V. Naranjo Jr. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My gratitude goes out to the many people, places, and events that made this project possible. Thank you to my dissertation committee: K. Tsianina Lomawaima Ph.D., Nancy Parezo Ph.D., Elizabeth Kennedy Ph.D., Michael Brescia Ph.D., and Aurore Chabot, M.F.A. Also, my thanks to Dr. Maria Teresa Velez, Associate Dean of the Graduate School and Debbi Golden Davis, Office of Financial Aid. To my Tohono O’odham consultants: C. Alicia Chuhuhua, Mattías Chuhuhua Gomez and his family, Candelaria Pedro, Luis, Miguel, Alma, Yamilet, and Grecia, Carmen Rodriguez- Napoleon, Rafael Rodriguez-Napoleon, Candelario Zacarias-Napoleon, Ricardo Rodriguez-Napoleon, Francisca Salas-Rodriguez, Marco Antonio Salas-Rodriguez, and Dena Thomas. Also to Claudio Alonso Murrieta-Ortiz, the priest for the Pitiquito community. I am indebted to the generosity of the American Philosophical Society’s Native American Grants for research, the American Indian Studies Mini Grant for travel in Latin America, the University of Arizona Graduate College Marshall Fellowship, the Tohono O'odham Nation Education and Scholarship fund and the UofA American Indian Studies Program. Also to my good friends Susan Lobo, Antonio S. Abeyta, Greg Schoon, To:bi Keli or Bernard “Bunny” Fontana, Alan Ferg, Diane “Miss Star” Dittemore, and Diana Hadley. In Mexico City, thank you to Victor the extremely helpful hostel manager, the “Coyote Back Packers” and finally to the “copy guy” (never got his name down) for the Archivo General de la Nacíon, as he knew the archives better than the archivists and librarians and his knowledge was an enormous help. I thank you all. 5 DEDICATION I dedicate this project to my mother Rosita, as well as three individuals that have passed away before the completion of this project: To my best friend and companion in the field, Annie Manuel (Hickiwan, AZ); To Candelario for his bright, devilish and candid smile--always ready to go look for aluminum cans or clay; and to the grandfather I never had, Mattías Chuhuhua (Cu’i wuadam) Gómez. Mattías knew more about Sonoran Tohono O’odham culture and life than I could ever learn in one lifetime, the last of his generation. May they all rest in eternal peace. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................8 LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................10 PART ONE: RESEARCH ..................................................................................................12 1.1 Central influence of the international boundary .......................................................13 1.2 Cultural, nationalistic and political discontinuities between the northern and southern Tohono O’odham......................................................................................14 Discontinuities across the border........................................................................14 O’odham views of one another north and south of the international boundary .16 1.3 Locale: the mission pueblo or town of Pitiquito, Sonora .........................................18 Historical geography...........................................................................................18 Contemporary geography ...................................................................................19 1.4 Methods: The beginning, the Institutional & Tribal research approval process and social conviviality....................................................................................................23 The Institutional & Tribal research approval process.........................................23 Methodology for fieldwork ................................................................................25 Giving back to the community ...........................................................................30 1.5 Conceptual design and artistic theoretical foundation of the mural .........................30 1.6 Themes derived from field research and experiences...............................................32 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued 1.7 Conceptual elements of the mural: culture, basket weaving and calendar sticks.....34 PART TWO: HUA A’AGA: BASKET TALE NARRATIVES........................................38 2.1 Oral Tradition ...........................................................................................................38 2.2 Kinship......................................................................................................................41 2.3 Tradition and Modernity in 2007..............................................................................46 2.4 Feast of St. Francis at Magdalena de Kino in Sonora, Mexico ................................49 2.5 Nationalism...............................................................................................................55 2.6 Importance of Photography ......................................................................................59 2.7 Identity......................................................................................................................63 2.8 Cultural persistence through pottery and basketmaking...........................................68 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................72 ENDNOTES ..........................................................................................................................73 APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE 1.......................................................................75 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE 2.......................................................................76 APPENDIX C: ENGLISH PARTICIPANT INFORMED CONSENT ................................77 APPENDIX D: SPANISH PARTICIPANT INFORMED CONSENT.................................80 APPENDIX E: TOHONO O’ODHAM LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTION .........82 APPENDIX F: TOHONO O’ODHAM EXECUTIVE APPROVAL....................................84 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................85 8 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1, Photograph of completed ceramic tile mural .....................................................11 FIGURE 2, Map of the state of Sonora with inset of the town of Pitiquito ..........................20 FIGURE 3, Example of O’odham painting in Pitiquito