Federal Republic of Nigeria Study for Poverty Profile (Africa) Final Report March 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co. Ltd. Poverty Indicators Basic data Population GDP per Real GDP Population, GDP, PPP Year growth capita PPP growth total (million) (billion US$) (annual) (US$) (annual) Nigeria 2009 154.7 2 340.9 2,203 6 Source: world Bank, World Databank Poverty Inequality Poverty Incidence (%) Poverty Gap Survey Gini Source Year National Urban Rural Index Year Coefficient (national) 54.41 43.19 63.27 0.2180 Poverty Profile for Nigeria 2004 0.4882 2004 Source: NBS (2005) Poverty Profile for Nigeria Map of Nigeria Source：Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/nigeria.html) Social Indicators Map GDP Index by State National average： 0.409 *GDP Index is based on per capita GDP. Source：UNDP (2009) Human Development Report Nigeria 2008-2009 Poverty Incidence by State (2004) Legend ■20.0 to 42.9 ■43.0 to 63.5 ■63.6 to 95.1 ： National average 54.4 Source: NBS (2005) Poverty Profile for Nigeria Inequality by State (2004) (Gini Coefficient) (＜0.488) (＞0.488) Source: NBS (2005) Poverty Profile for Nigeria Table of Contents Poverty Indicators Map of Nigeria Social Indicators Map Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations I. National Poverty Information and Basic Information................................................................ 1 1. General Information...................................................................................................................1 2. Macro-economic and Donor Trends .........................................................................................2 2.1 Macroeconomic Trends ........................................................................................................2 2.2 Industry..................................................................................................................................3 2.3 Donor Activities.....................................................................................................................4 3. Poverty Information ...................................................................................................................7 3.1 The Population Below the Poverty Line..............................................................................8 3.2 Life Expectancy at Birth.......................................................................................................8 3.3 Education.............................................................................................................................10 3.4 Health...................................................................................................................................13 3.5 Gender..................................................................................................................................15 II. Summary of Poverty Reduction and Related Policies............................................................ 18 1. Overall Policy ............................................................................................................................18 2. Government Agencies ...............................................................................................................18 III. Poverty Analysis ................................................................................................................... 22 1. Income Poverty Analysis ..........................................................................................................22 1.1 Data Used for Poverty Analysis .........................................................................................22 1.2 Analysis Based on the Poverty Line ..................................................................................22 1.3 Inequality Index (Gini index / index) ................................................................................31 2. Analysis by Means Other Than Income Poverty....................................................................34 2.1 Subjective Poverty Indicators............................................................................................34 2.2 Poor Areas/Groups Designated by the Government........................................................35 2.3 Vulnerability Analysis ........................................................................................................35 2.4 Human Development Index................................................................................................36 3. Factors that affect poverty .......................................................................................................37 3.1 Domestic Factors.................................................................................................................37 3.2 geopolitical factors ..............................................................................................................49 3.3 Factors of Globalization .....................................................................................................49 3.4 Impact of Private Investment on Poverty Reduction.......................................................57 3.5 Other Relevant Country Specific Factors.........................................................................57 4. Medical Insurances and Services Available to the Poor........................................................61 4.1 National Health Insurance Scheme ...................................................................................61 4.2 Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health............................................................63 5. Financial services available to the poor (microfinance, etc.).................................................64 5.1 Microfinance........................................................................................................................64 5.2 Mobile Banking ...................................................................................................................68 6. Life Support Scheme for the Poor and Poor Households......................................................69 7. Poverty Monitoring...................................................................................................................70 7.1 MDGs ...................................................................................................................................70 7.2 Poverty Profile and Other Policy Initiatives.....................................................................72 8. Suggestions on Updating the Poverty Profile. ........................................................................75 List of Tables Table 1.1 Population ..................................................................................................................1 Table 1.2 Macroeconomic Indicators (2007 - 2010) .............................................................2 Table 1.3 Real GDP growths by sector (base year: 1990) ..................................................3 Table 1.4 Top 10 Donors in Disbursement Amount (net) 2007-2009 ................................5 Table 1.5 ODA Disbursement (gross) by Use (%) ................................................................6 Table 1.6 The Proportion of the Population Living Below One Dollar a Day ...................8 Table 1.7 Childhood Mortality...................................................................................................8 Table 1.8 Trends in childhood mortality..................................................................................9 Table 1.9 Perinatal Mortality ...................................................................................................10 Table 1.10 Educational Attainment of Female Household Population.............................11 Table 1.11 Educational Attainment of the Male Household Population...........................12 Table 1.12 HIV · AIDS Status and Trends............................................................................14 Table 1.13 Poverty and Gender of Household Head (1980-2004 %)...............................15 Table1.14 Per Capita Expenditure by Sex of Head of Household (2004)........................16 Table1.15 Occupational Group by Sex and Quintiles .........................................................16 Table 3.1 Poverty Rate by Urban/Rural Sector and Zone (2004) .....................................23 Table 3.2 Poverty Head Count by Year(1980-2004) ...........................................................23 Table 3.3 Trends in Relative Poverty Rate by Urban/Rural Sector and Zone.................24 Table 3.4 Trends in Two Levels of Poverty Rates (1980-2004).........................................25 Table 3.5 Trends in poverty rates by zone for the two relative poverty lines...................25 Table 3.6 Dollar Per Day Poverty by Rural/Urban Sector and Zone ................................25 Table 3.7 Dollar Per Day Poverty by State ...........................................................................26 Table 3.8 Poverty Gap Index (P1) by Sector and Zone (2004) .........................................27 Table 3.9 Poverty Gap by State (2004) .................................................................................27 Table 3.10 Poverty Severity Index (P2) by Sector and Zone (2004) ................................28 Table 3.11 Poverty Severity by State.....................................................................................28