CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ZENODO Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4187 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4187 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Diptera – Brachycera Thomas Pape‡§, Paul Beuk , Adrian Charles Pont|, Anatole I. Shatalkin¶, Andrey L. Ozerov¶, Andrzej J. Woźnica#, Bernhard Merz¤, Cezary Bystrowski«», Chris Raper , Christer Bergström˄, Christian Kehlmaier˅, David K. Clements¦, David Greathead†,ˀ, Elena Petrovna Kamenevaˁ, Emilia Nartshuk₵, Frederik T. Petersenℓ, Gisela Weber ₰, Gerhard Bächli₱, Fritz Geller-Grimm₳, Guy Van de Weyer₴, Hans-Peter Tschorsnig₣, Herman de Jong₮, Jan-Willem van Zuijlen₦, Jaromír Vaňhara₭, Jindřich Roháček₲, Joachim Ziegler‽, József Majer ₩, Karel Hůrka†,₸, Kevin Holston ‡‡, Knut Rognes§§, Lita Greve-Jensen||, Lorenzo Munari¶¶, Marc de Meyer##, Marc Pollet ¤¤, Martin C. D. Speight««, Martin John Ebejer»», Michel Martinez˄˄, Miguel Carles-Tolrá˅˅, Mihály Földvári¦¦, Milan Chvála ₸, Miroslav Bartákˀˀ, Neal L. Evenhuisˁˁ, Peter J. Chandler₵₵, Pierfilippo Cerrettiℓℓ, Rudolf Meier ₰₰, Rudolf Rozkosny₭, Sabine Prescher₰, Stephen D. Gaimari₱₱, Tadeusz Zatwarnicki₳₳, Theo Zeegers₴₴, Torsten Dikow₣₣, Valery A. Korneyevˁ, Vera Andreevna Richter†,₵, Verner Michelsen‡, Vitali N. Tanasijtshuk₵, Wayne N. Mathis₣₣, Zdravko Hubenov₮₮, Yde de Jong ₦₦,₭₭ ‡ Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark § Natural History Museum Maastricht / Diptera.info, Maastricht, Netherlands | Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom ¶ Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia # Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland ¤ Muséum d'histoire naturelle Genève, Paris, Switzerland « Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Warszawa, Poland » Tachinidae Recording Scheme, London, United Kingdom ˄ Unaffiliated, Uppsala, Sweden ˅ Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology, Dresden, Germany ¦ Unaffiliated, Cardiff, United Kingdom ˀ CABI, Sussex, United Kingdom ˁ I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine ₵ Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia ℓ Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ₰ Unaffiliated, Braunschweig, Germany ₱ Zoological Museum, Zürich, Switzerland ₳ Museum Wiesbaden, Natural History Collections, Wiesbaden, Germany ₴ Unaffiliated, Reet (Rumst), Belgium ₣ Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany ₮ NBC Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands ₦ Unaffiliated, Waalwijk, Netherlands ₭ Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic ₲ Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic ‽ Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany ₩ University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary ₸ Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ‡‡ Natural History Museum of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden §§ University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway || Zoological Museum, Oslo, Norway ¶¶ c/o Natural History Museum, Venice, Italy ## Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium ¤¤ Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium © Pape T et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. % Pape T et al. «« Dept. of Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland »» Unaffiliated, Cowbridge, United Kingdom ˄˄ INRA, UMR Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France ˅˅ Unaffiliated, Barcelona, Spain ¦¦ MTA-DE ‘Lendület’ Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary ˀˀ Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ˁˁ Bishop Museum, Honolulu, United States of America ₵₵ Unaffiliated, Melksham, United Kingdom ℓℓ University of Rome, Roma, Italy ₰₰ National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ₱₱ California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, United States of America ₳₳ Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Opole, Poland ₴₴ Unaffiliated, Soest, Netherlands ₣₣ National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America ₮₮ National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria ₦₦ University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland ₭₭ University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands † Deceased author Corresponding author: Thomas Pape ([email protected]), Yde de Jong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 22 Oct 2014 | Accepted: 12 Feb 2015 | Published: 20 Feb 2015 Citation: Pape T, Beuk P, Pont A, Shatalkin A, Ozerov A, Woźnica A, Merz B, Bystrowski C, Raper C, Bergström C, Kehlmaier C, Clements D, Greathead D, Kameneva E, Nartshuk E, Petersen F, Weber G, Bächli G, Geller- Grimm F, Van de Weyer G, Tschorsnig H, de Jong H, van Zuijlen J, Vaňhara J, Roháček J, Ziegler J, Majer J, Hůrka K, Holston K, Rognes K, Greve-Jensen L, Munari L, de Meyer M, Pollet M, Speight M, Ebejer M, Martinez M, Carles-Tolrá M, Földvári M, Chvála M, Barták M, Evenhuis N, Chandler P, Cerretti P, Meier R, Rozkosny R, Prescher S, Gaimari S, Zatwarnicki T, Zeegers T, Dikow T, Korneyev V, Richter V, Michelsen V, Tanasijtshuk V, Mathis W, Hubenov Z, de Jong Y (2015) Fauna Europaea: Diptera – Brachycera. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4187. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4187 This paper is dedicated to David John Greathead, Karel Hůrka, and Vera Andreevna Richter, prominent dipterists, respected members of our Fauna Europaea community and co-authors of this paper, who passed away in the last few years. Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Fauna Europaea: Diptera – Brachycera + Diptera–Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists. Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera–Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging. Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera. For the Diptera–Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper. Keywords Biodiversity Informatics, Fauna Europaea, Taxonomic indexing, zoology, biodiversity, taxonomy, Diptera, Brachycera Introduction In 1998 the European Commission published the European Community Biodiversity Strategy, providing a framework for the development of Community policies and instruments in order to comply with the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Strategy recognised the current incomplete state of knowledge at all levels of biodiversity, a state which makes a successful implementation of the Convention difficult. Fauna Europaea was conceived to contribute to this Strategy by supporting one of the main themes: to identify and catalogue the components of the European biodiversity, with the cataloguing implemented as a taxonomic and faunistic database serving as a basic tool for scientific documentation and discovery, environmental management, and conservation policies/ priorities. 4 Pape T et al. With regard to biodiversity in Europe, science and policies depend on sufficient knowledge of the relevant components. The assessment of biodiversity, including monitoring changes and ensuring sustainable exploitation, as well as much legislative work, depend upon a validated taxonomic overview, in which Fauna Europaea will play a major role by providing a web-based