If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. N •S' • .. .!"•. -In-Service Training'Program for Effective- Police Wor% in the Changing City, , 1. Report of a project funded by: - The Office of Law Enforcement Assistance United States Department of Justice Washington, D. C. • and The City of Pittsburgh Submitted by;. The City of Pittsburgh Joseph M. Barr, Mayor 'Commission on Human Relations David . B. Washington,'Executive Director "Department of Public Safety David W. Craig, Director: JamesW. Slusser, Superintendent 4 Project Staff Kenneth R. Whipps, M.A., Director, on leave from the Department of Sociology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Manuel Deese, B,A., Assistant Director, on leave from the Commission on Human Relations, City of Pittsburgh Theresa Dunn, Secretary Christine Wisniewski, Secretary David B. Washington, Executive Director, Commission on Human Relations David W. Craig, Director, Department of Public Safety James W. Slusser, Superintendent, Bureau of Police Commander William Moore, Director, Community Relations Division, Bureau of Police Sergeant Andrew Daley, Community Relations Division, Bureau of Police Commander Edward Patterson, liaison, Bureau of Police Commander George W. Purvis, Former Director, Pittsburgh Police Academy Sergeant Patrick J. Moore, Instructor, Pittsburgh Police Academy Assistat:Superintendent William Gilmore,.Bureau of Police William C. Gawlas, liaison, Commission on Human Relations Elizabeth A. Wolfskill, liaison, Commission on Human Relations Margery R. Boichel, research, Commission on Human Relations Robert Mast, research University of Pittsburgh . - Mary Grace Sweeney, public information, Commission on Human Relations Barbara Nayarit Secretary KENNETH R. WHIPPS- -Biographical Sketch BORN: Auburn, New York; July 11, 3.913 EDUCATION: Notre Dame University, South Bend, Indiana, B.A. Syracuse,(N.Y.) University, Maxwell School of Citizenship, M.A. Additional graduate study at the University of Buffalo, Carnegie-Mellon University, Duquesne University PRESENT POSITION: Assistant Professor-of/ Sociology, Duquesne University Pittsburgh. FORMER POSITIONS: Director, Office of Law Enforcement Assistance Project, City of Pittsburgh. Supervisor of Probation Officers, Allegheny County Criminal Court and Allegheny County Juvenile Court. Supervisor of Counselors, Domestic Relations Court, Pittsburgh. Teaching positions: Wheeling (W.Va.) College, Carnegie- Mellon University, Western Pennsylvania Penitentiary, Pittsburgh Police Academy. RELATED ACTIVITIES: Consultant, Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Conducted human relations training program for hospital security guards.) Former Director of Social Services Boystown of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. Member, Examining Board of applicants to probation service, Allegheny County Criminal Court.. 110 MANUEL DrRSE..-Biographical Sketch "• BORN: Toomsboro, Georgia.- November 8, 1941 EDUCATION: Pittsburgh Public §Chools Morgan State College, Baltimore, Maryland, B.A., Political Science, January, 1964. Detroit College ofjew, 1964-65. PRESENT POSITIONS: Chief of Compliancei Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations Consultant, Community Relations Service, United States Department of Justice FORMER POSITIONS: Assistant Director, Office of Law Enforcement Assistance Project, City of Pittsburgh Field Representative, Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations RELATED ACTIVITIES; Consultant Urban Intergroup Relations Center, University of Pittsburgh Consultant, Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Conducted human relations training program for • hospital security guards) Member, Planning Committee, National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials (NAIRO) - Police-Community Relations Board, Washington, D. C. AFFILIATIONS: Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Pittsburgh Graduate Chapter Morgan State College Alim11 Association Board of Directors, Association of Black Social Workers of Western Pennsylvania Member, Advisory Committee Employment and Economic Development Department, Pittsburgh Urban League Member, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • TABLE OF CONTENTS page Division I. Review of the Main Points in the Application Division 11. Consultants in Planning...., 7 Division III. Review of Subject Matter Selection, Recruitment of Speakers, Experience of Other Cities 12 Division IV. Publicity 18 Division V. Group Leader Selection and Participation 20 Division VI. Police Participation and Cooperation..„. 32. Division VII. Liaison for Citizen Involvement., Division VIII. Analysis of the Speakers.„,, 39 Division IX, Diary History of the Project 44 Division X. Activity Following the Actual Training Session 57 Division XI. Prognosis and Recommendation for a Future Similar Program 61 411 Division XII. Research and Evaluation 64 Introduction 66 Opinions of the Participants Concerning the Program 77 Profile of the Participants 83 The Effect of the Program Participants 1.9**,98 Patterns of Change in Response to Police-Community Situations 110 Patterns of change in Response to a Racial Future 123 . Conclusions **I 148 Appendices A. Consultants in Planning 152 B. Speaker Biographies 154 C. Publicity (enclosed envelope). D. Police Group Leaders E. Civilian Group Leaders 158 F. Research Evaluation 167 Division I REVIEW OF THE MAIN POINTS IN THE APPLICATION .In 1955 the Mayor's Commission on Human Relations initiated a three-hour course in human relations, training for recruit police.officers. The commence- ment of the human relations course was a direct outgrowth of alleged killing-. of a police officer by'Aloysius Spaulding in the Hill District section of the City of Pittsburgh. Tension in the community following this incident was extremely high and the Commission on Human Relations immediately implemented the course in an effort to bridge the gap between the police and community. .:Prior to the initiation of the recruit course in human relations, there was but One in-service training Program for police officers during the term of the late Mayor David.I.• Lawrence. ,Police recruit training in human relations.in the City of Pittsburgh has gradually developed into a 10-hour integral part of the curriculum of new recruit officers. • In 1,966 the Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations in cooperation with the Department of Public Safety submitted a proposal:to-the Office of Economic . Opportunity for .a grant of $102,177.64. The purpose of the proposal for grant allocations was to conduct a 9-week-training program in eommunity relations . for Pittsburgh Bureau of Police personnel as.a.part of the Community 'Action program for the City of Pittsburgh. Grants were authorized under Title •'Section 206 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Detroit, Michigan and 'Newark, New Jersey were among the to first• cities receivea grant from,0E0 to train police personnel in human relations. 2. "The proposed training program under the 0E0:proposal Would have given each officer 24 hours of lecture and small group discussions devoted to (1) providing Pittsburgh .Police with the knowledge and skills to effectively deal with public safety sitUations involving the poor and racial minorities, and (2) to generally improving relations:between police and residents of Community Action ,Program, neighborhood's." Theriginal 0E0 proposal for human relations training for police officers. stated that a high proportion of Pittsburgh police activity is concentrated in the priority areas of the city's program. As the city's original Community action proposal in 1964 pointed out, "areas with the greatest delinquency problems in the city are those with high scores front other poverty indicators," 0 with highest delinquency rates concentrated in the North Side and the Hill District, followed 14 Garfield East Liberty, Homewood, the South Side and the Hazeliood-Greenfield areas.. The proposal went on to state that the need for improvement,in the rela- tion* between the police and the community is important, not only for its own sake, but also for the continuation of the COmmunity'Action:Program. Pittsburgh's original request for funds under Section 206 of Title II-A, Economic' Opportunity Act.of'1964, was favorably received by the 0E0 Training and Technical Assistance program', but subsequently rejected due,to a Congressional:cut -back in funds. Following the Congressional cut-back in funds allocated by 0E0 _for training and technical assistance the City of Pittsburgh,' in conjunction with the Department of Public Safety and the Commission:on Human Relations, applied for 4IM federal funds underthe Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965 (LELA). The original application was altered and_brought into conformity with the guidelines set forth by the Law Enforcement Assistance Act-of,1965. The refined application was submitted to the Office of., Law Enforcement Assistance, U. S. Department of Justice in December, 19660 In February, 1967 the:City of Pittsburgh was granted $48,598 (grantee contribution $57,816) by the Office ofLaw Enforcement Assistance United States Department of Justice, to embark upon an in-service training program in human relations for 500 police officers in the pilot phase of the project. This is approximately 1/3 of the totall'ittsburgh Bureau of Police personnel. The project would run for 9 months and would be composed of the following stages: pre-project planning; training; and evaluation. In the initial training program,. 500 police officers would be selected from the patrol traffic and detective division to participate in the.project. No standards