2016 Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe 2016 Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe EU, The world's True Mecca of Science, Technology and Innovation Foreword I would like to share with Republic of Korea the excellence of the EU in research, science and innovation as well as the wide range of relevant programmes underway, through the publication of this book. Science, Technology and Innovation play a pivotal role in shaping industry and the economy in the twenty-first century. They provide instruments to solve many of the economic and social challenges and problems we face today. In recognition of the importance of science and technology and its strong influence on all walks of life, the European Union (EU) has long emphasised the need for innovation as a vehicle for promoting stable and sustainable economic development and enabling a quantum leap toward a better society. With just 7% of the world’s population, the EU takes up respectively 24% and 32% of the global R&D expenditure and patent applications. This is a result of the EU’s persistent and intensive support for science and technology over the long-term. On the back of the abundant knowhow so far accumulated and excellent human resources, the EU is indeed the world’s true mecca of science, technology and innovation. Within the overarching policy objective of providing a solid foundation for the economy as a whole by maintaining excellence in science and research, the EU has launched a new and ambitious research and innovation support programme, “Horizon2020”. The programme is aimed at supporting research and innovation projects from 2014 to 2020 on a multilateral basis. It brings together numerous researchers and companies not only from Europe but also from the rest of the world, enabling them to acquire knowledge and expertise in the field of science and technology and to be deeply inter-connected through extensive networks and research grants. It is equally noteworthy that individual EU Member States have concentrated efforts on developing their own national strategies and programmes tailor-made to their respective national capacity in science, technology and innovation. They are also making ceaseless efforts to provide full support for their researchers and companies, so as for them to play various important roles in the world, beyond national boundaries. I do hope that the book will pave the way towards opening opportunities for Korean organisations. By further expanding bilateral cooperation in research and innovation the EU and Korea will be able to work together more effectively in jointly tackling the global challenges ahead of us all. Gerhard Sabathil Ambassador, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Korea Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe CONTENTS Foreword 05 1. Why Cooperate with Europe? 09 2. EU Science, Technology and Innovation 13 1) EU Policies and Programmes 14 2) Horizon2020 in brief 24 3) Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions 60 3. EU Member States Science, Technology and Innovation 97 1) Austria 98 2) Belgium 104 3) Bulgaria 112 4) Croatia 114 5) Cyprus 118 6) Czech Republic 122 7) Denmark 126 8) Estonia 134 9) Finland 142 10) France 150 11) Germany 158 12) Greece 166 13) Hungary 174 14) Ireland 182 15) Italy 190 16) Latvia 198 17) Lithuania 206 18) Luxembourg 214 19) Malta 220 20) Netherlands 226 21) Poland 232 22) Portugal 240 23) Romania 248 24) Slovakia 254 25) Slovenia 260 26) Spain 264 27) Sweden 272 28) United Kingdom 280 Why Cooperate 1with Europe? Why Cooperate with Europe? The European Union is a world leader in research and innovation, responsible for 24% of world expenditure on research, 32% of high impact publications and 32% of patent applications. With the largest internal market in the world the European Union is home to many of the world's leading innovative companies, and has a leading position in many fields of knowledge and key technologies such as health, food, renewable energies, environmental technologies and transport. It has untold wealth stemming from its highly educated workforce and its leading talent in cultural and creative industries. Research and innovation are increasingly interlinked internationally. The number of internationally co-authored scientific publications and the mobility of researchers are increasing. Research organisations are establishing offices abroad and companies are investing outside their home countries. Global challenges are important drivers for research and innovation. Our planet has finite resources which need to be cared for sustainably; climate change and infectious diseases do not stop at national borders, food security needs to be ensured across the globe. The European Union are strengthening its dialogues with international partners to build critical mass for tackling these challenges. New growth opportunities come from providing new products and services derived from technological breakthroughs, new processes and business models, non-technological innovation and innovation in the services sector, combined with and driven by creativity, flair and talent, or, in other words, from innovation in its broadest sense. 2016 Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe | 11 EU Science, Technology 2 and Innovation PART1 EU POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES EU Policies and Programmes 1 Policies and Strategies International cooperation in research and innovation contributes to the broader policies of the European Union in supporting the following objectives: (a) S trengthening the Union’s excellence and attractiveness in research and innovation as well as its economic and industrial competitiveness – by creating win-win situations and cooperating on the basis of mutual benefit; by accessing external sources of knowledge; by attracting talent and investment to the Union; by facilitating access to new and emerging markets; and by agreeing on common practices for conducting research and exploiting the results; (b) T ackling global societal challenges – by developing and deploying effective solutions more rapidly and by optimising the use of research infrastructures; and, (c) Suppor ting the Union’s external policies – by coordinating closely with enlargement, neighbourhood, trade, Common Foreign and Security Policy, humanitarian aid and development policies and making research and innovation an integral part of a comprehensive package of external action. ‘Science diplomacy’ will use international cooperation in research and innovation as an instrument of soft power and a mechanism for improving relations with key countries and regions. Good international relations may, in turn, facilitate effective cooperation in research and innovation. This strategy issued in 2012 underlines that enhancing and focusing EU international cooperation requires an approach which fully captures the global dimension of research and innovation in all its aspects. This is embedded in Horizon2020, with its stronger focus on international cooperation. Furthermore, beyond Horizon2020 the strategy also focused on strengthening the innovation dimension of international cooperation, developing adequate principles and framework conditions for it, strengthening the engagement with multilateral initiatives and enhancing the synergies with the EU's external policies and the activities of the Member States. 2016 Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe | 15 2 Programmes and Initiatives The Horizon2020 Programme strongly supports Open Innovation, Open Science, and being Open to the World. Open Innovation is about combining diverse sources of knowledge to innovate, underpinned by networked, multi-collaborative innovation systems and involving researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, users, governments and civil society. Favouring Open Innovation means encouraging the capitalisation of results from European research and innovation. Open Science includes moving forward on the need for more open access to research results and the underlying data. It also means the need for new initiatives to strengthen research integrity for policy makers, research funders, research institutions and researchers. Open to the World means to engage more in science diplomacy and in global scientific and technological collaboration to remain relevant and competitive, and to lead the way in developing global research and innovation partnerships to address global challenges. Horizon2020 spans seven years (2014 to 2020), and is the biggest EU Research and Innovation funding programme ever. The Horizon2020 Specific Programme is implemented through two-year work programmes setting out funding opportunities under the different parts through calls for proposals containing topics, and the other actions such as public procurements. The Horizon2020 legislation underscores the importance of international cooperation as a cross-cutting priority and adopts a dual approach focusing on general opening and targeted international cooperation. Through the general opening, legal entities from across the world can participate in Horizon2020. This is an important tool for enhancing international cooperation and is essential for those parts of Horizon2020 which work primarily on a bottom-up basis. Grants provided by the European Research Council are increasingly recognised as awards for scientific excellence. Participation in the Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs) of the European Institute for Innovation and Technology is open to legal entities from across the world. e-Infrastructures have a strong international dimension. The Marie