Daystar University Repository EXAMINING COMMUNITY RADIO AS A PARTICIPATORY COMMUNICATION MEDIUM IN KIBERA: A CASE OF PAMOJA FM by Linda Muthoni Muthuri 13-0380 A thesis submitted to the School of Communication, Language and Performing Arts of Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Communication June 2016 Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository APPROVAL EXAMINING COMMUNITY RADIO AS A PARTICIPATORY COMMUNICATION MEDIUM IN KIBERA: A CASE OF PAMOJA FM by Linda Muthoni Muthuri 13-0380 In accordance with Daystar University policies, this thesis is accepted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the Master of Arts degree Date __________________________________ _______________________ Paul Mbutu, PhD, 1st Supervisor __________________________________ _______________________ Leah Komen, PhD, 2nd Supervisor ________________________________ _______________________ Rosemary Kowuor Nyaole, PhD, HOD, Communication Department ________________________________ _______________________ Levi Obonyo, PhD, Dean, School of Communication, Language and Performing Arts ii Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository Copyright © 2016 Linda Muthoni Muthuri iii Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository DECLARATION EXAMINING COMMUNITY RADIO AS A PARTICIPATORY COMMUNICATION MEDIUM IN KIBERA: A CASE OF PAMOJA FM I declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college or university for academic credit. Signed: ____________________________ Date: June 2016 Linda Muthoni Muthuri (13-0380) iv Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been possible without the help of many. First and foremost I thank the Lord for being my strength throughout this arduous journey, You enabled me to find enjoyment in my labour, I praise You. Thanks to my parents, Francis and Priscillah Muthuri, constantly supporting me and pushing me to finish before I age. My very supportive supervision team; Dr. Paul Mbutu – your humility, patience and kindness was so reassuring, and Dr. Leah Komen – your laughter and sheer joy was contagious. Thank you so very much. To the people at Pamoja FM and the Kibera community, Mzee Adam Hussein, Mzee Shamola, Okoth Opondo, Billy, HB, Unco Jazz, my research help Timothy, without your help, this would not have been possible. v Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION .................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................... viii ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................ix DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................x CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ............................................1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1 Background to the Study .......................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................................5 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................................6 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................................................6 Research Questions ...............................................................................................................6 Justification of the Study .......................................................................................................7 Significance of the Study ......................................................................................................8 Assumptions of the Study .....................................................................................................9 Scope of the Study.................................................................................................................9 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study ..........................................................................9 Definition of Terms .............................................................................................................10 Summary .............................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER TWO.................................................................................................................13 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................13 Introduction .........................................................................................................................13 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................13 General Literature Review ..................................................................................................20 Empirical Studies on Participation in Community Radio ...................................................29 Summary .............................................................................................................................31 CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................32 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................32 Introduction .........................................................................................................................32 Research Design ..................................................................................................................33 Population............................................................................................................................33 Target Population ................................................................................................................34 Sample Size .........................................................................................................................34 Sampling techniques ...........................................................................................................35 Data Collection Instruments ................................................................................................36 Focus Group Discussions ....................................................................................................36 In-depth Interviewing ..........................................................................................................38 Types of Data ......................................................................................................................38 Data Collection Procedures .................................................................................................38 Pretesting .............................................................................................................................39 Data Analysis Plan ..............................................................................................................39 Ethical Considerations.........................................................................................................39 Summary .............................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER FOUR ...............................................................................................................41 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.................................41 vi Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository Introduction .........................................................................................................................41 Analysis and Interpretation .................................................................................................41 Summary of Key Findings ..................................................................................................72 Summary .............................................................................................................................74 CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................75 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................75 Introduction .........................................................................................................................75 Discussion of Key Findings ................................................................................................75