L A PromotionL of a Cultural R A AL R R U U U R R R Area Common T T L U C T L U C L U C to European Rural Communities PROMOTION OF A CULTURAL AREA COMMON TO EUROPEAN RURAL COMMUNITIES "CULTURE 2000" FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME IN SUPPORT OF CULTURE RURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE IN EUROPE: FROM PAST TO PRESENT A Synthesis Report of Research www.cultural.net Promotion of a Cultural Area Common to European Rural Communities RURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE IN EUROPE: FROM PAST TO PRESENT A Synthesis Report of Research Compiled and edited by PRISMA Athens 2009 1 Preface THE CULT RURAL PROJECT have an active interest in rural heritage and sustainable CULT RURAL or Promotion of a Cultural Area Common to development, by: European Rural Communities is a transnational project co- a) Setting up a European Rural Heritage Network; funded by the European Commission in the context of “Culture b) Organising a summer academy and a conference on the 2000”, the Framework Programme in Support of Culture. theme of the project c) Organising 4 transnational and 7 national workshops CULT RURAL looks at the heritage of rural areas, trying to link to discuss and debate the theme of the project and gain the past with the present and draw lessons that are valuable feedback for the research and the exhibitions. for contemporary life and the sustainable development of rural d) Set up a website www.cultrural.net to make the activities areas. The project, carried out between October 2006 and and products of the project accessible to everyone. September 2009, is implemented by a dynamic transnational partnership, bringing together museums and related associa- The co-organisers and associate partners of the project are: tions, universities and research organisations of the public and Co-organisers private sectors. Sveriges Hembygdsfőrbund (Swedish Local Heritage Fede- Background and aims ration), Project leader (SE) PRISMA Centre for Development Studies (GR) There is no doubt that rural heritage is an important aspect of European culture, which should be protected and preserved. The European Academy for Sustainable Rural Development Furthermore, the rural heritage, both cultural and natural, -Euracademy Association (GR) has a lot to teach contemporary societies: for example, the Muzeum Kresów in Lubaczów (PL) traditional methods of exploiting natural resources and related Hungarian Open Air Museum (HU) technologies, may provide ample inspiration for energy saving Institute of Bio-Meteorology, National Research Council of today; or the continuity of rural cultural heritage and its role as Italy (IT) a source of community identity and bonding, may provide an Fédération des Musées d’Agriculture et du Patrimoine rural additional challenge to the globalisation of culture. (AFMA) CULT RURAL aims to: National History Museum (BG) ■ Highlight and document the heritage of European rural The CULT RURAL Exhibitions were held at: Associate Partners regions, demonstrating its links to social and economic The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Regional development and sustainability. EDITOR THEME 1. Landscape Stories. From tradition to Studies, West Hungarian Research Insitute (HU) ■ Raise the awareness of contemporary Europeans of the Fouli Papageorgiou sustainability common rural heritage, boosting local cultural identity and Musée national des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditer- Basilica of San Marco, Heraklion, Crete, Greece ranée (MuCEM) (FR) AUTHORS pride. Tower Clocks’ Museum, San Marco dei Cavoti, Italy ■ The Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Institute of Ethnology THEME 1 Provide an “arena” for intercultural dialogue. National Folklore Museum, Baths of the Winds, Athens, ■ and Anthropology of Culture (PL) Fouli Papageorgiou, Effie Karpodini-Dimitriadi, Louisa Promote cooperation and networking between rural heritage Greece Karapidaki, Danilo Marandola, Giorgio Ciccarelo, Angela museums and other cultural operators in rural areas. The Academy of Balkan Civilisation (BG) ■ Zeoli, Maria Pia Graziani Encourage rural heritage museums to “open their doors” to Museum of Cretan Ethnology (GR) THEME 2. S.O.S. Save our Sources! transnational joint activities. Cultural Association of Komotini, Folklore and History Museum ■ THEME 2 Ecomuseum Marquèze, France Improve the skills of professionals and their capacity to identify, of Komotini (GR) Édouard de Laubrie, Colette Foissey, Vanessa Doutreleau, Hungarian Open Air Museum, Szedendre, Hungary preserve and promote the rural heritage of their region/nation. ■ Provide guidance for the development of rural areas in a This volume brings together the main results and conclusions Zsolt Sári, Zsuzsanna Szabó, Owe Norberg, Anne Chanonat, Ljusdalsbygdens Museum, Sweden sustainable way through the preservation and promotion of of the research that was carried out by the co-organisers and Sophie Normand-Collignon. heritage. associate partners of the project, including also a selection of Thanks to Elodie Guilhem. THEME 3. Rural heritage and collective identity Building the sustainability of rural communities ■ Attract the younger generation to become involved with photographs from the 9 exhibitions. The report is organised rural heritage and culture. in three parts, according to the three themes that were THEME 3 Museum Kresow in Lubaczow, Poland adopted by the partnership to guide their investigations and National History Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria Activities Effie Karpodini-Dimitriadi, Louisa Karapidaki, Fouli the exhibitions: Folklore and Historical Museum of Komotini, Greece Papageorgiou, Janusz Mazur, Kiril Topalov, Leonora Boneva The activities of CULT RURAL fall into three main groups: Part 1. Landscape Stories. From tradition to sustainability, ■ Research and documentation of the special features of based on the research theme “Rural cultural landscapes: TRANSLATORS Published by PRISMA - Centre for Development Studies the common and unique European rural heritage the interaction between rural communities and the natural THEME 1 Empedocleous 17, GR-116 35 Athens environment” ■ Organisation of thematic exhibitions, on the basis of the Louisa Varelidi, Danilo Marandola Part 2. SOS Save our Sources!, based on the research research results. Nine exhibitions have been held in Sweden, Athens 2009 theme “Inspiration, innovation and technology: the rural Greece, France, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and Poland, organised THEME 2 perspective and the global pressures” jointly by the project partners on three different themes: Naureen Bolwell-Prioux, Monica Sjögren, Beáta Dobossy, Design by Ability Integrated Communications, Athens Part 3. Rural heritage and collective identity, based on John Tarnóc, András Tarnóc, Tamás Rákócz a) Landscape Stories: from tradition to sustainability the research theme “The socio-cultural construction of rural Photographs from the nine exhibitions organised in the b) SOS – Save our Sources identity: from the material to symbolism”. THEME 3 context of CULT RURAL project by: c) Rural heritage and collective identity: building the The short versions of the thematic research reported here Effie Karpodini-Dimitriadi, Marilena Sanida, Agata Matuga, Velissarios Voutsas, Janusz Mazur, Fouli Papageorgiou, sustainability of rural communities have provided the basic concepts and built the scenarios for Nora Boneva, Zvetanka Raichevska, Janeta Mihaylova Zsolt Sári, Owe Norberg ■ Networking between individuals and organisations that the corresponding exhibitions. 2 3 Contents SYNTHESIS REPORT OF RESEARCH FOR THEME 1 Landscape Stories. From tradition to sustainability .......................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Unit 1. The landscape of awe ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Unit 2. The landscape of mild exploitation of nature ........................................................................................................ 15 Unit 3. The landscape of forceful conquest of nature ...................................................................................................... 17 Unit 4. The destruction of landscape ................................................................................................................................ 18 Unit 5. Landscape in art .................................................................................................................................................... 19 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23 SYNTHESIS REPORT OF RESEARCH FOR THEME 2 SOS SAVE OUR SOURCES! ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Unit 1: How did all this happen? .....................................................................................................................................