Kissimmee Basin Water Supply Plan Support Document Volume 2 prepared by South Florida Water Management District April 2000 Water Supply Planning and Development Department West Palm Beach, Florida KBWSP Support Document Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Figures vii List of Plates ix List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................................1 Basis of Water Supply Planning ..............................................................................1 The Planning Process...............................................................................................6 Coordination ............................................................................................................9 Public and Agency Participation............................................................................12 Chapter 2: Planning Area Description 15 Plan Boundaries .....................................................................................................15 Related Planning Areas..........................................................................................15 Physical Features ...................................................................................................17 Population ..............................................................................................................18 Municipalities ........................................................................................................18 Agriculture .............................................................................................................18 Land Use ................................................................................................................19 Chapter 3: Water Resources and System Overview 23 Regional Hydrologic Cycle ...................................................................................23 Surface Water Resources .......................................................................................25 Ground Water Resources .......................................................................................28 Surface Water/Ground Water Interactions ............................................................35 Chapter 4: Natural Resources 39 Wetlands ................................................................................................................39 i Table of Contents KBWSP Support Document Uplands ..................................................................................................................41 Water Needs of Inland Resources..........................................................................42 Protection of Natural Resources ............................................................................45 Chapter 5: Resource Regulation 51 Environmental Resource Permitting......................................................................51 Consumptive Use Permitting .................................................................................52 Water Shortage Management.................................................................................54 Intergovernmental Agreements..............................................................................56 Wellhead Protection Ordinances ...........................................................................58 Chapter 6: Demand Estimates and Projections 61 Urban Demand......................................................................................................62 Agricultural Demand .............................................................................................67 Chapter 7: Water Conservation 73 Mandatory Water Conservation Measures ............................................................73 Supplementary Water Conservation Measures......................................................78 Chapter 8: Water Source Options 83 Ground Water ........................................................................................................83 Utility Interconnections .........................................................................................84 Wastewater Reuse..................................................................................................85 Stormwater Use......................................................................................................86 Surface Water Storage ...........................................................................................86 Aquifer Storage and Recovery...............................................................................87 Drainage Wells ......................................................................................................88 Saltwater/Brackish Water ......................................................................................89 Surface Water ........................................................................................................89 Chapter 9: Water Quality and Treatment 91 Water Quality Standards........................................................................................91 Ground Water Contamination and Impacts to Water Supply ................................92 ii KBWSP Support Document Table of Contents Water Treatment Technologies..............................................................................95 Water Treatment Facilities...................................................................................103 Chapter 10: Analytical Tools and Model Assumptions 113 Analytical Tools...................................................................................................113 Use of Ground Water Models..............................................................................113 Ground Water Modeling Process.........................................................................117 Surface Water Management Assessment.............................................................122 Model Applications..............................................................................................123 Glossary and List of Abbreviations 127 References Cited 135 iii Table of Contents KBWSP Support Document iv KBWSP Support Document List of Tables LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Kissimmee Basin Related Water Management Planning Efforts. .............11 Table 2. Population 1995-2020................................................................................18 Table 3. Irrigated Citrus Acreage 1995-2020. .........................................................19 Table 4. Acreage and Percentage of Land Use by County Area. ............................20 Table 5. Mean Rainfall Data for Rainfall Stations in the Kissimmee Planning Area............................................................................................................24 Table 6. Ground Water Systems in Orange County. ...............................................29 Table 7. Ground Water Systems in Osceola County. ..............................................30 Table 8. Ground Water Systems in Polk County.....................................................32 Table 9. Ground Water Systems in Highlands County............................................33 Table 10. Ground Water Systems in Okeechobee County. .......................................34 Table 11. Ground Water Systems in Glades County. ................................................35 Table 12. Individual Permit Allocations....................................................................52 Table 13. History of Water Shortages........................................................................56 Table 14. Status of Wellhead Protection Ordinances. ...............................................59 Table 15. Water Use Categories. ...............................................................................61 Table 16. Overall Water Demands for 1995 and 2020. .............................................63 Table 17. Estimated Population in the Kissimmee Basin Planning Area 1995-2020. .................................................................................................64 Table 18. Public Water Supply and Domestic Self-Supplied Demand . ...................65 Table 19. Commercial and Industrial Self-Supplied Demand . .................................66 Table 20. Landscape and Recreation Self-Supplied Demand ...................................66 Table 21. Projected Change in Agricultural Operations within the Kissimmee Basin Planning Area for 2020..............................................................................70 Table 22. Existing and Projected Irrigated Acreage by Crop Type...........................71 Table 23. Implementation Status of Mandatory Water Conservation Measures. ......75 Table 24. Representative Water Use and Cost Analysis for Urban Irrigation System Water Conservation Measures. ..................................................................79 Table 25. Representative Water Use and Cost Analysis for Retrofit Indoor Water Conservation Measures..............................................................................80 Table 26. Irrigation Costs and Water Use Savings Associated with Conversion from Seepage Irrigation to Low Volume............................................................82 v List of Tables KBWSP Support Document Table 27. Well Costs for Aquifer Systems. ...............................................................84 Table 28. Utility Interconnect Cost Estimates. ..........................................................84