Ethnic Minority Development Plan January 2015 PRC: Xinjiang Tacheng Border Cities and Counties Development Project Prepared by the Xinjiang Tacheng Prefecture Government for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 14 January 2015) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1614 $1.00 = CNY6.194 ABBREVIATIONS 3R – reduce, reuse and recycle ADB – Asian Development Bank ACWF – All China Women’s Federation CDPC – Center for Disease Prevention and Control CNY – Chinese Yuan DMF – design and monitoring framework EA – executing agency EM - ethnic minorities EMP – environmental management plan EMDP – ethnic minority development plan ERAB – Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau GAP – gender action plan GDP – gross domestic product HH – household IA – implementation agency IP – indigenous peoples IPP – indigenous peoples policy IPA – indirect project area IR – Involuntary resettlement LAR – land acquisition and resettlement MSW – municipal solid waste NMT – non-motorized traffic O&M – operation and maintenance PMO – project management office PPMS – project performance monitoring system PRC – People’s Republic of China PSA – poverty, gender, and social analysis RP – resettlement plan SDAP – social development action plan SPS – safeguard policy statement TPG – Tacheng Prefecture Government TPMO – Tacheng Project Management Office XUAR – Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region XUARG – Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB-financed Xinjiang Tacheng Border Cities and Counties Development Project ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN People’s Republic of China: Xinjiang Tacheng Border Cities and Counties Development Project January 2015 Prepared by the Xinjiang Tacheng Prefecture Government, and the project management offices of Tacheng City, Emin County, Tuoli County and Yumin County for Asian Development Bank. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 1 III. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................ 2 IV. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES ................................................................ 3 V. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................... 9 VI. PROJECT IMPACTS ........................................................................................................ 15 VII. EMPLOYMENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ...................................................................... 19 VIII. ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................. 20 IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ................................. 27 X. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .............................. 29 XI. DISCLOSURE OF THE EMDP ........................................................................................... 31 XII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................................. 32 XIII. MONITORING, REPORTING, AND EVALUATION ............................................................... 33 XIV. BUDGET AND FINANCING ............................................................................................... 35 LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ANNEXES TABLE 1: POPULATION AND ITS COMPOSITION IN THE PROJECT AREA AND TACHENG PREFECTURE IN 2012………………………………………………………………………………. 7 FIGURE 1: PROJECT MAP………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 TABLE 2: ETHNIC MINORITY POLICY FRAMEWORK IN THE PRC……………………………………….. 14 TABLE 3: POPULATION OF MAIN ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT AREA AND TACHENG PREFECTURE IN 2011 (PERSON)…………………………………………………………………16 TABLE 4: ETHNIC GROUP’S DISTRIBUTION………………………………………………………………… 21 TABLE 5: AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION SIZES (PERSON)……………………………………..22 TABLE 6: % OF MALE AND FEMALE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS…………………………………………… 23 TABLE 7. AGE COMPOSITION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES BY COUNTY SEAT………………………….. 23 TABLE 8: LANGUAGE USED AT HOME AND AT WORKPLACE OF ETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDS………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 TABLE 9: AVERAGE INCOMES OF SAMPLING HOUSEHOLDS IN PROJECT AREA………………….. 26 TABLE 10: HOME ASSETS OF SAMPLING HOUSEHOLDS IN PROJECT AREA………………………... 26 TABLE 11. GENDER ROLE DIVISION IN EMS HOUSEHOLD………………………………………………. 27 TABLE 12: ACTION PLAN……………………………………………………………………………………….. 34 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR DAUR NATIONAL FOLK CUSTOM TOURISM SPECIALIST 49 ANNEX 2: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN EXTERNAL MONITOR 51 ANNEX 3. HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY SAMPLING 53 ANNEX 4. SCOPE OF RESETTLEMENT AND DETAILS OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS 55 1 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction. This Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) has been prepared to ensure that ethnic minority people are able to benefit equally from the Xinjiang Tacheng Border Cities and Counties Development Project (the Project), and that any negative impacts that might affect them are either reduced or mitigated. Adequate provisions to enhance economic conditions of minority groups have either been integrated into the project design or specified separately in the EMDP. Special mitigation measures have also been included in the resettlement plans (RPs) to ensure that ethnic minorities affected by land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) will also benefit from the Project. The EMDP is based on relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as well as ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS). The EMDP has been prepared as per ADB requirement. 2. Project Description. The Project is implemented by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government (XUARG) with support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project will affect Tacheng City and the county seats of three counties of the Tacheng Prefecture: Emin, Tuoli, and Yumin. Project components will include (i) rehabilitation of Kalangguer river, (ii) district heating improvement, (iii) municipal solid waste management improvement, (iv) alley rehabilitation in Tacheng City, (v) urban roads and bridges; (vi) municipal services improvements in Tacheng City and counties of Emin, Tuoli, and Yumin; and (vii) capacity development and institutional strengthening during project implementation. 3. The Project will directly benefit a total of 256,751 people, including about 34,533 poor (13.5% of the total beneficiaries), 127,268 female residents (49.6% of the total beneficiaries) and 120,183 ethnic minority people (46.8% of the total beneficiaries). The project will contribute to poverty reduction by improving access for urban, rural, and peri-urban residents to municipal services such as transportation, water supply, sewerage, wastewater treatment, heating, and support direct and indirect employment opportunities with expanded tertiary industries and an enabling investment environment. 4. Legal and Policy Framework. This EMDP is in line with the People’s Republic of China’s laws and regulations and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement. The EMDP specifies mitigation and enhancement measures to comply with ADB’s SPS, Safeguard Requirement No. 3 on indigenous peoples.1 5. The EMDP is designed to ensure that project benefits are distributed equitably and that culturally appropriate measures are taken to (i) avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, and (ii) enhance benefits for ethnic minorities. The project will ensure that ethnic minorities are consulted in matters related to each subproject, and provided with opportunities to participate in decision making and/or implementation activities. 1 According to ADB SPS safeguard requirement 3, the term “indigenous peoples” includes ethnic minorities. In the PRC such plans are called Ethnic Minority Development Plans. Ethnic minority groups refer to those groups that are distinct from the mainstream ethnic group in the PRC- the Han. The PRC policy defines nationalities based on, inter alia, shared language, territory, economic base, and traditions/culture. 2 6. Socioeconomic Characteristics of Ethnic Minorities. In the project-affected city/counties, ethnic minority people represent between 40% and 75% of the total city/county population. The majority of ethnic people in these counties are Kazakh, who, in 2012, represented over 76% of the ethnic minority population in the project city/counties. The other main ethnic minority groups present in these counties are the Hui, the Uygur, the Mongolians, the Daur and the Russian. A number of other minority groups are also present, but in very small numbers. 7. Both urban and rural poverty incidences of all four project city/counties2 are higher than the average of Tacheng Prefecture. No official figures are