EUROCODE 2: BACKGROUND & APPLICATIONS DESIGN OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS Worked examples Authors: F.Biasioli, G.Mancini, M.Just, M.Curbach, J.Walraven, S.Gmainer, J.Arrieta, R.Frank, C.Morin, F.Robert Editors: F.Biasioli, M.Poljanšek, B.Nikolova, S.Dimova, A.Pinto 2014 ReportReport EUR EUR xxxxx 26566 EN EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 480, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 9989 Fax: +39 0332 78 9049 http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/. JRC89037 EUR 26566 EN ISBN 978-92-79-36548-5 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2788/35386 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Contents List of authors and editors ....................................................................................................... vii Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1 CONCEPTUAL AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Basic data ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1. General data and preliminary overview .................................................................... 4 1.2.2. Slab geometry .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Actions ................................................................................................................................ 9 1.3.1. Densities, self-weight, imposed loads, partial and combination factors ................... 9 1.3.2. Wind ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.3. Snow load .............................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Materials ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.4.1. Concrete ................................................................................................................. 12 1.4.1.1 Exposure classes and concrete strength class ...................................... 12 1.4.1.2 Exposure classes, structural classes and concrete cover ..................... 13 1.4.2. Reinforcing steel .................................................................................................... 17 1.4.2.1 Steel characteristics ............................................................................... 17 1.4.2.2 Maximum bar diameters ........................................................................ 17 1.5 Conceptual design of slabs ............................................................................................ 18 1.5.1. Slab height ............................................................................................................. 18 1.5.1.1 Slenderness ........................................................................................... 18 1.5.1.2 Slab height determination ...................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................ 23 STRUCTURAL ANALYSES 2.1 Finite element modelling of the building ....................................................................... 25 2.2 Loads, load cases and their combinations ................................................................... 26 2.2.1. Loads ..................................................................................................................... 26 i 2.2.2. Load cases for dead loads ..................................................................................... 26 2.2.2.1 Load case 1 – dead load of the bearing structure .................................. 26 2.2.2.2 Load case 2 – dead load of the interior .................................................. 27 2.2.2.3 Load case 3 – dead load of the facade .................................................. 27 2.2.3. Load cases for wind, snow and service loads 1 and 2 ........................................... 28 2.2.3.1 Load case 51 ......................................................................................... 28 2.2.3.2 Load case 101 ....................................................................................... 28 2.2.3.3 Load case 201 ....................................................................................... 29 2.2.3.4 Load cases 202 to 206 ........................................................................... 29 2.2.3.5 Load cases 1326, 1336, 1356 and 1366 ................................................ 30 2.2.3.6 Load cases 10001, 10011, 10021 and 10031 ........................................ 31 2.2.3.7 Load cases 10101, 10111, 10121 and 10131 ........................................ 32 2.2.4. Rules for the combination of load cases ................................................................ 32 2.3 Internal forces and moments .......................................................................................... 32 2.3.1. Position of calculated internal forces and moments ............................................... 32 2.3.1.1 Column B2 ............................................................................................. 32 2.3.1.2 Shear wall B1 ......................................................................................... 32 2.3.1.3 Frame axis 2 – beam ............................................................................. 32 2.3.1.4 Frame axis B – beam ............................................................................. 33 2.3.1.5 Punching for flat slab ............................................................................. 33 2.3.2. Results of structural analysis ................................................................................. 33 2.3.2.1 Column B2 - results for ULS and SLS ................................................... 33 2.3.2.2 Shear wall B1, results for ULS and SLS ................................................ 36 2.3.2.3 Frame axis 2 – beam, results for ULS ................................................... 38 2.3.2.4 Frame axis B – Beam, results for ULS ................................................... 42 2.3.2.5 Punching for flat slab, results for ULS .................................................... 47 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................ 49 LIMIT STATE DESIGN (ULS - SLS) 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.1.1. Motivation ............................................................................................................... 51 3.1.2. Materials ................................................................................................................. 53 3.2 Ultimate limit state design .............................................................................................. 53 3.2.1. Slab on beams ....................................................................................................... 53 ii 3.2.1.1 Static model and cross section of the slab on beams ............................ 53 3.2.1.2 Determination of the bending reinforcement in general ......................... 55 3.2.1.3 Determination of the bending reinforcement for the T-beams ............... 57 3.2.1.4 Design of beams for shear ..................................................................... 59 3.2.1.5 Design of slabs supported by beams ..................................................... 64 3.2.2. Flat slab .................................................................................................................. 68 3.2.2.1 Loads and internal forces for the calculation of the flat slab .................. 68 3.2.2.2 Determination of the bending reinforcement .......................................... 68 3.2.2.3 Punching shear - column B2 .................................................................. 70 3.2.2.4 Column B2 ............................................................................................. 75 3.2.2.5 Design of shear walls ............................................................................. 84 3.2.3. Slab with embedded elements ..............................................................................