Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2020 - 2029 CALUMET COUNTY LAND & WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 – 2029 Approved By the Wisconsin Land & Water Conservation Board on: Approved by the Calumet County Board on: Approved by Wisconsin DATCP on: MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS Anthony Reali, County Conservationist Danielle Santry, Water Resource Specialist Calumet County Land & Water Conservation Department MISSION STATEMENT To preserve, protect, and enhance the natural resources of Calumet County by assisting land users in adopting wise and sustainable land use practices. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Calumet County’s Land and Water Resource Management Plan was developed with help from a group of concerned residents with diverse backgrounds and federal and state resource professionals. Special thanks are extended to the following people: Citizen Advisory Committee Adam Faust Nick Dallman Kristen Birschbach Joe Brantmeier Lyle Ott Bob Nagel Joseph Hanke Corey Schmidt Wilmer Geiser Mike Hofberger Jeremy Hansen Nick Vande Hey Calumet County Land & Water Conservation Committee Mike Hofberger (Chair) Dave LaShay Patrick Laughrin Judith Hartl Merlin Gentz Amy Shiplett Agency Advisory Committee & DNR Basin Leaders & Professionals Erin Carviou Daniel Block Keith Marquardt Amber O’Brien James Kasdorf Liz Heinen Adam Nickel Frank Kirschling Joe Smedberg Steve Easterly Tom Schneider Dale Rebezek Mary Gansberg Crystal Von Holdt Land & Water Conservation Department Staff Anthony Reali – County Conservationist Jared Grunewald – Conservation Project Technician Danielle Santry – Water Resource Specialist Amanda Kleiber – Land Resource Specialist (Agronomist) Brent Jalonen – Erosion Control & Stormwater Specialist Jonathon Lisowe – Conservation Project Technician i | P a g e Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2020 - 2029 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................ii TABLES & FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................iv DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................................................................v PLAN SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan, 1999 – 2006 ........................ 9 1.2 Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2007 - 2011 ........................ 10 1.3 Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2012 – 2019 (as extended) 11 1.4 Procedures & Processes for a 2020 - 2029 LWRM Plan ..................................................... 13 SECTION 2: COUNTY LAND USE TRENDS...................................................................................... 16 2.1 Population........................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Land Use.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 20 SECTION 3: LAND & WATER RESOURCES...................................................................................... 22 3.1 Landforms ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Geology ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Soil....................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Surface Water ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 DNR Assessments of Watersheds & Water Resources....................................................... 46 3.6 Groundwater....................................................................................................................... 64 3.7 Woodland Resources .......................................................................................................... 79 3.8 Wetland Resources ............................................................................................................. 80 3.9 Wildlife Resources............................................................................................................... 81 3.10 Endangered & Threatened Species and Species of Greatest Conservation Need.......... 83 3.11 Invasive Terrestrial & Aquatic Species.............................................................................. 86 3.12 Climate Change ................................................................................................................. 87 3.13 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 87 SECTION 4: STANDARDS AND PROHIBITIONS.............................................................................. 89 4.1 Agricultural Runoff.............................................................................................................. 89 4.2 Non-Agricultural Runoff...................................................................................................... 93 4.3 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL)................................................................................... 96 4.4 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 96 SECTION 5: GOALS & OBJECTIVES................................................................................................ 97 ii | P a g e Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2020 - 2029 5.1 Development of Goals & Objectives................................................................................... 97 5.2 Goals & Objectives.............................................................................................................. 99 5.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 102 SECTION 6: TOOLS AND STRATEGIES .......................................................................................... 103 6.1 Information & Education .................................................................................................. 103 6.2 Conservation Practices...................................................................................................... 104 6.3 Incentives.......................................................................................................................... 105 6.4 Critical Areas & Targeting ................................................................................................. 106 6.5 Regulations........................................................................................................................ 107 6.6 Programs, Plans, and Partnerships ................................................................................... 112 6.7 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 120 SECTION 7: MONITORING AND EVALUATION............................................................................. 121 7.1 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................ 121 7.2 Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 124 7.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 124 SECTION 8: REFERENCES............................................................................................................. 125 APPENDIX A: 2012 – 2019 Plan Accomplishments Summary.................................................... 129 APPENDIX B: Local Advisory Committee.................................................................................... 135 APPENDIX C: Public Involvement............................................................................................... 139 APPENDIX D: Conservation Practices.......................................................................................... 140 APPENDIX E: NR 151 Implementation Strategy......................................................................... 144 APPENDIX F: Workplan ............................................................................................................... 153 iii | P a g e Calumet County Land & Water Resource Management Plan 2020 - 2029 TABLES & FIGURES TABLE 1: LAND USE STATISTICS (2015)................................................................................................. 19 TABLE 2: CALUMET COUNTY AVERAGE ANNUAL EROSION RATES................................................................ 34 TABLE 3: IMPAIRED WATERBODIES