Re-Sourcing the News: Citizen Media Excerpt 4 of 7: Assessment of the Knight News Challenge, 2007-2008 June 2011 Prepared by LFA Group: Learning for Action for John S. and James L. Knight Foundation LFA Group: Learning for Action enhances the impact and sustainability of social sector organizations through highly customized research, strategy development, and evaluation services. Re-Sourcing the News: Citizen Media I. Introduction Modern technologies (e.g., the Internet, smart phones, flip cams, etc.) have lowered barriers to the production and distribution of citizen-generated news and information. In this context, the Knight News Challenge in 2007 and 2008 Key Learning Questions awarded grants to eight efforts that sought to expand citizen voices in the development of news and information. The overarching goal of the efforts was to increase access to news and information in a way that better served communities to improve their individual and collective • What strategies are most effective lives. Anticipated outcomes ranged from increasing the for continued engagement of diversity of voices in the international blogosphere, to citizen journalists? trying a “video volunteer” approach to spreading news and information in rural villages and slums in India. While many • Can innovative tools facilitate projects were concerned primarily with supporting user- citizen media efforts? generated news and reporting, others were focused on engaging citizens in media production as a way to catalyze broader social change. Additionally, several of the projects • What factors affect the success of focused on communities that traditionally have had limited citizen media projects? access to media and communications platforms. This report was completed as part of an interim review of the Knight News Challenge focused on the early winners (2007-2008). The project clusters that serve as the organizing principle for the interim reports were created through the process of conducting data analysis for this assessment; these categories were not organizing principles for the competition at the start. This report is based on: a review of project reports, websites and other materials; key informant interviews with winners, key partners and field experts; and facilitated review and structured reflection with Knight Foundation staff. 1 Source of all Internet and mobile phone usage statistics: International Telecommunication Union An Interim Review of the Knight News Challenge | Citizen Media 1 LFA Group: Learning for Action | June 2011 Overview of Citizen Media Projects: 2007-2008 The foundation invested in eight citizen media projects in 2007-2008: half of the targeted communities were in the United States, two were based in India, one in Russia, and one had global reach. Projects focused on innovative ways to elevate unheard voices, produce untold stories from the community perspective, or engage a community. The following table provides a summary of the eight projects. Boulder Carbon Tax Tracker Chi-Town Daily News (2007) (2007) Winner: I, Reporter Winner: Chi-Town Daily News Grant Amount: $90,000 Grant Amount: $340,000 Grant Timeframe: 1 Year Timeframe: 2 Years Year Awarded: 2008 Year Awarded: 2008 Track the implementation of the nation’s first Provide neighborhood-level news and information Idea municipal carbon tax: Develop a participatory, easy- to 9.8 million Chicago residents: Develop an all-local to-use website to engage community members in a nonprofit news website that exclusively focuses on dialogue on how the tax revenue is being spent the Chicago area Innovative use of inexpensive and free web tools – Develop a sustainable news organization by training e.g., Wordpress publishing tools, vBulletin online forum community members as volunteer citizen journalists software, social bookmarking sites – to facilitate an to provide original, no- or low-cost reporting at the online dialogue about a niche topic neighborhood level Innovation Output Output • Development of inexpensive, easy-to-build • 200 citizen journalists trained template for a participatory community website • At its peak, managed 70 citizen journalists • 2 face-to-face workshops involving stakeholders representing 35 out of 77 Chicago neighborhoods and community members to discuss the carbon tax Reach Reach • 20,000 to 25,000 unique visitors per month (at • Limited online dialogue on the website project’s closing) Impact • 10 to 20 articles posted weekly, half written by Output / Reach / Impact Output / Reach • None documented volunteers (in June 2008) Impact • Limited sustained impact on the Chicago news ecosystem • Leave enough time for engaging community, and • Retention of a dispersed network of volunteer use traditional community-building techniques, if citizen journalists requires significant community necessary engagement effort Lessons • If key government information, such as carbon • Mismatch of scope and what was doable – the tax revenues or expenses, are not forthcoming, resources were insufficient for the scale of the open government advocates need to be effectively approach being used. engaged to obtain it • Limited investment in marketing and technology will affect a projects long-run sustainability An Interim Review of the Knight News Challenge | Citizen Media 2 LFA Group: Learning for Action | June 2011 Community Radio in India Media Mobilizing Project of Philadelphia (2008) (2007) Winner: University of Waterloo Winner: Media Mobilizing Project Grant Amount: $200,000 Grant Amount: $150,000 Grant Timeframe: 3 Years Timeframe: 2 Years Increase opportunities for participatory media by Build a community media infrastructure for people Idea facilitating the establishment of community radio who are disenfranchised from mass media: Train stations in rural India: Develop an affordable way to immigrants and low-income communities on the start and run radio stations that allow for local media use of digital visual technology to generate their own activism and address issues of equality community-driven media Develop a single user-interface that can make and Use media to connect and organize low-income receive telephone calls, allow for easy archiving of communities working for social change so that they programs, stream content online, preview programs, can promote better living conditions locally and schedule broadcasts and record live transmissions beyond; develop one portal through which community Innovation members can be connected and contribute to multiple media platforms Output Output • Development of the GRINS software, a single user • Trainings for immigrants and low-wage workers from interface diverse backgrounds and age groups • Development of the Indian Community Media • Built a Drupal-based website which serves as a home Network to connect stations and showcase work base for MMP’s various media outlets (e.g., 3 radio Reach shows, 1 TV news show, SMS) and videos produced • GRINS incorporated into 14 radio stations: 11 are Reach NGO-based; 3 are university-based • ~100 people per year trained, of whom 25% are Output / Reach / Impact Output / Reach • Estimated 25% of residents in the broadcast areas foreign-born of each radio station that adopted GRINS • Coalition includes leadership body of 200 people • One radio station’s estimates: ~50 calls from who meet quarterly listeners between 8:30am and 5pm; ~50,000 • 100 people typically turn out for a rally, organized listeners on an average day by MMP Impact Impact • Decreased cost for community radio station set-up • Diverse, low-income communities (e.g., cab • Increased listener involvement in sharing stories drivers, low-income students, Head Start parents) • Police commissioner acted on complaints who experience shared struggles are connected to regarding police brutality and corruption targeting advocate for their rights migrant workers • Policy win: Federal reauthorization of Pennsylvania’s Head Start funding informed by MMP video • Mobilized cab drivers won court case that threw out unjust rules and regulations • Having a team with diverse strengths both to • Digital and media literacy training can be develop and market the technology to get popular components of citizen media efforts in platforms incorporated into community radio disenfranchised communities, especially when Lessons stations is critical the “new voices” are immediately engaged in a • Training and technical assistance should community issue accompany new tools for users to ensure adoption • Strong partnerships with local organizations are • Adapting the budget to respond to unanticipated central to ensuring a community’s buy-in costs for IT equipment is an important consideration • Building a foundational infrastructure (e.g., administrative) is important for innovative efforts An Interim Review of the Knight News Challenge | Citizen Media 3 LFA Group: Learning for Action | June 2011 Mobile Youth Journalism Rising Voices (2007) (2007) Winner: MTV Department of Strategic Partnerships Winner: Global Voices/Berkman Center Grant Amount: $700,000 for Internet and Society Grant Timeframe: 2 Years Grant Amount: $244,000 Timeframe: 2 Years Coverage of the 2008 Presidential election by and Bring new, underrepresented voices and new Idea for young people: Recruit train, and deploy 51 young languages to the global conversation: Provide citizen journalists, one in every state and D.C., to resources and fund local groups reaching out to and create news reports on the 2008 elections training underrepresented communities to engage in participatory media Use