Supplementary table 1. A list of all 142 genes important in the p53 stress response and included into the genomic scan for natural selection. Gene Symbol Description AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 APAF1 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 APC adenomatous polyposis coli APEX1 APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme) 1 ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated ATR ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related AURKA aurora kinase A BAI1 brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 BAX BCL2-associated X protein BBC3 BCL2 binding component 3 CCNG1 cyclin G1 CD82 CD82 molecule CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 CDK8 cyclin-dependent kinase 8 CDKN1A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) CDKN1B cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) CDKN2A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4) CHEK2 CHK2 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe) CORO1B coronin, actin binding protein, 1B CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 CREBBP CREB binding protein (Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome) CSE1L CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast) CSNK2A1 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide CTNNB1 catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa CUL7 cullin 7 DUSP1 dual specificity phosphatase 1 DUSP16 dual specificity phosphatase 16 DYRK2 dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 2 E2F1 E2F transcription factor 1 E4F1 E4F transcription factor 1 EEF1A1 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 EIF4EBP1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 ESR1 estrogen receptor 1 ESR2 estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) FAS Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) FCGR1A Fc fragment of IgG, high affinity Ia, receptor (CD64) FHL2 four and a half LIM domains 2 FLT1 fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vasc. endoth. growth factor/vasc. permeability factor rec.) FNIP1 folliculin interacting protein 1 FOS v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog FOXO1A forkhead box O1 FRAP1 FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 GADD45A growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha GTF2H2 general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 2, 44kDa GTSE1 G-2 and S-phase expressed 1 HIPK2 homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 IGF1 insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) IGFBP3 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 JMY junction-mediating and regulatory protein KDR kinase insert domain receptor (a type III receptor tyrosine kinase) LRDD leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing MAP2K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 MAP3K5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 MAP4 microtubule-associated protein 4 MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MAPT microtubule-associated protein tau MDM2 Mdm2 p53 binding protein homolog (mouse) MDM4 Mdm4 p53 binding protein homolog (mouse) MMP2 matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase) MTA2 metastasis associated 1 family, member 2 MYST1 MYST histone acetyltransferase 1 NFKB1 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 NUMB numb homolog (Drosophila) p53AIP1 p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 PARC p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein PARP1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 PCAF K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B PDK1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 PIAS1 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 1 PIAS4 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 4 PIK3CA phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) PIK3R2 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta) PIN1 peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 PMAIP1 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 POU4F1 POU class 4 homeobox 1 POU4F2 POU class 4 homeobox 2 PPM1D protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent, delta isoform PPP1R13B protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 13B PPP1R13L protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 13 like PPP2CA protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform PPP2CB protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, beta isoform PPP2R1A protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A , alpha isoform PPP2R1B protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, beta isoform PPP2R2A protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform PPP2R2B protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B, beta isoform PPP2R2C protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B, gamma isoform PPP2R3A protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B'', alpha PPP2R3B protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B'', beta PPP2R4 protein phosphatase 2A activator, regulatory subunit 4 PPP2R5A protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', alpha isoform PPP2R5B protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', beta isoform PPP2R5C protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma isoform PPP2R5D protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', delta isoform PPP2R5E protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon isoform PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit PRKAB1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit PRKAB2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit PRKAG2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit PSRC1 proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog RAB13 RAB13, member RAS oncogene family RB1 retinoblastoma 1 RBBP4 retinoblastoma binding protein 4 RCHY1 ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain containing 1 RFWD2 ring finger and WD repeat domain 2 RHEB Ras homolog enriched in brain RPRM reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate RPS6KB1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1 RRM2 ribonucleotide reductase M2 polypeptide SERPINB2 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2 SERPINB5 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 5 SFN stratifin SIAH1 seven in absentia homolog 1 (Drosophila) SKP2 S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45) STEAP3 STEAP family member 3 STK11 serine/threonine kinase 11 STMN1 stathmin 1/oncoprotein 18 STRAP serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein SUMO1 SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) TDG thymine-DNA glycosylase THBS1 thrombospondin 1 TNFRSF10B tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b TP53 tumor protein p53 TP53BP1 tumor protein p53 binding protein 1 TP53BP2 tumor protein p53 binding protein, 2 TP63/TP73L tumor protein p63 TP73 tumor protein p73 TSC1 tuberous sclerosis 1 TSC2 tuberous sclerosis 2 USP7 ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (herpes virus-associated) VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A WNT1 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 WWP1 WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 XPA xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A XPC xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C XPO1 exportin 1 (CRM1 homolog, yeast) YWHAQ tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxyg. activation protein, theta polypeptide ZNF385A zinc finger protein 385A.