Vartholomio Ilias, Hellas “Language and Literature” The olive tree the gift of God Starting our project we gathered information about the olive tree in our books and our lessons. The olive tree is tied to the life of the Greeks and all the peoples of the Mediterranean. From ancient times it appears in myths, religious ceremonies and daily life of Greeks. It is a symbol of prosperity, peace, purity, fertility and euphoria. The olive or olive tree is a fruit tree of the Olive family. Its fruit is the olive and from it the olive oil is produced. The olive tree was the symbol of the goddess Athena. The olive has been known since ancient times and probably originates from the area of ​​the eastern Mediterranean. According to mythology, the homeland of the olive tree is Athens and the first olive tree was planted by the goddess Athena on the Acropolis. The Greeks were the first people to cultivate olives in the European Mediterranean area. It is an evergreen tree, it has lanceolate, dark green leaves. Its flowers are white. The fruit of the olive tree ripens in the middle and at the end of autumn, when the harvest begins, or the ‘liomazoma’. The olive is picked by hand, and the picking of the olive is significant agricultural activity in many parts of the Mediterranean. Nowadays, the traditional method of harvesting still thrives, but with the help of tools and machines. The branches are passed with the "comb" to detach the fruit, while the soil under the olive tree is paved with oilcloths or a special net. After the olives fall from the tree and are cleaned by hand from thick branches are placed in containers and bags to be transported to the olive mill where the olive oil is produced by special processing of the fruit. In the language lesson we worked on worksheets on the subject of the olive tree, we analyzed poems, riddles, proverbs and folk expressions. Proverbs and folk expressions about olive and olive oil: • ‘Do not add oil to the fire’. • ‘He made oils’. • ‘Pass the olive medicines’. • ‘The sea is oil.’ • ‘His oil ran out’. • ‘He anointed him’. • ‘To lubricate my little boy a little’. • ‘He came out oil’. • ‘He is like an oil mouse’. • ‘They took out my oil’. • ‘Vine of your hand and olives from your grandfather.’ • ‘Get rid of it, the olive to load you with oil’. • ‘From summer to olives there is no lack of work’. Folk customs with the olive: • With a few drops of oil from the candle of Ai-Nikolas the sailors calmed the sea. • A few drops of oil in a little water are enough to get rid of the "evil eye". The oil sanctified by the church is considered an amulet for every difficult moment. Riddles: • ‘He does not die even if a hundred and a thousand years pass’. • ‘He satisfies us, takes care of us, lights our candles’. • ‘She hangs on the trees In the churches she sleeps And I put her golden bones In the fire’. • ‘Mother and daughter have the same name’. Greek Poems written from: • Homer (Odyssey and Iliad) • Kostis Palamas • Lorentzos Mavilis • Ioannis Polemis • Giannis Ritsos • Aggelos Sikelianos • Nikiforos Vrettakos In the history lesson we referred to the myth of Athena and Poseidon: ‘The olive tree was the gift that the goddess Athena gave to the city, when she competed for her dominion with the god Poseidon, who gave the city as a gift, "the salt water". The other Gods decided that the olive tree that Athena planted on the sacred rock of the Acropolis had more value than the gift of Poseidon and gave her victory. So the city got its name and Athena became its protector. The winners of the Olympic Games received as a prize for their victory a wild olive branch (kotino). Mythology also states that Hercules' bat was made of wild olive. The ivory statue of Zeus was also crowned with olive branches in Olympia, work of Pheidias, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. In the Religious lesson we mentioned: The olive tree is associated with our religion and is a tree blessed by God. In Noah's flood the dove bore an olive branch as a sign of life. In the plain of Gethsemane, Christ, the night before his arrest, prayed under an olive tree. We use the oil in all the ceremonies of our church - at the baptism the priest anoints the whole body of the baby who is being baptized. Light the candles with oil graves of our dead, in our church and in the iconostasis of our house. The End Thank you!.