National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Botanical Survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) Natural Resource Report NPS/GAAR/NRR—2016/1136 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of two hot water outlets in the uppermost part of the A field. The hot springs are surrounded by azonal, lush fern vegetation. The central part of the A field consisted mainly of broken sinter material and very sparse vegetation. Photograph courtesy of Lisa Strecker ON THE COVER Photograph of A field of the Reed River Hot Springs and the Reed River as seen from the slope above the hot springs. The bright green vegetation of the hot springs area contrasts starkly with plant cover on the other side of the Reed River which is characteristic for the area. Photograph courtesy of Lisa Strecker Botanical Survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) Natural Resource Report NPS/GAAR/NRR—2016/1136 Lisa Strecker Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, AK 99709 February 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Strecker, L. 2016. Botanical survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR). Natural Resource Report NPS/GAAR/NRR—2016/1136. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 185/131568, February 2016 ii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... iv Photographs ........................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 The Project ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Written accounts of the Reed River hot springs ....................................................................................... 6 The Reed River Hot Springs Vegetation ....................................................................................................... 9 Earlier studies and observations of the Reed River Hot Springs vegetation ............................. 9 Plant communities recorded in our 2014 fieldwork ................................................................ 10 Rare, endangered or endemic plants ........................................................................................ 14 Non-native and invasive plants ............................................................................................... 15 Potential risk to the RRHS vegetation ........................................................................................................ 16 Recorded and visible human impact ........................................................................................ 16 Animal occurrence and use of the hot springs ......................................................................... 17 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Appendix Plants collected during fieldwork ........................................................................................ 23 iii Figures Page Figure 1. Reed River Hot Springs within Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (A. Baltensperger, NPS) ........................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2. Schematic map of the Reed River Hot Springs area. Adapted from: National Park Service (1982). ............................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3. Measuring points and plots sampled in July 2014 (A. Baltensperger, NPS) ......................... 8 Photographs Page Photo 1. Illustration of micro-zonation on high temperature geothermal soils, Bol’she Bannye Hot Springs, Kamchatka (Russia) ............................................................................................. 3 Photo 2. Typical zonal vegetation, no or minor geothermal influence ................................................. 4 Photo 3. Typical regionally azonal vegetation showing the formation of micro-zones on geothermally heated soil ........................................................................................................................ 4 Photo 4. Reed River Hot Springs as seen from the helicopter on July 21, 2014. The bright green of the vegetation in the hot springs’ area is distinct from the surrounding vegetation, e.g. on the other side of the Reed River. ............................................................................. 9 Photo 5. Poplar stand on the geothermally warmed banks of the Hot Springs Slough ....................... 10 Photo 6. Cow-parsnip meadow growing under poplar ........................................................................ 11 Photo 7. Examples of moss covered seepage slope ............................................................................. 12 Photo 8. Examples of moss covered seepage slope ............................................................................. 13 Photo 9. Lymnaea atkaensis at Reed River Hot Springs ..................................................................... 18 iv Abstract This report describes the results of a study that described the native vegetation and investigated the level and potential risk of invasive plant infestation at the Reed River Hot Springs in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. The report gives a summary of the historical human use of the hot springs area in order to assess the potential anthropogenic impact on the physical features of the hot springs as well as the local plant composition. It also contains a description of the visible modification of the hot springs area by animals. Due to the geothermal influence, the hot springs host a range of azonal and rare plants and potentially attract non-native plants. After giving a brief general introduction to geothermally caused azonal plant communities and vegetation zonation, the report outlines the research methods of the study. No vegetation zonation was found, however, seven plant communities and three rare species were described. The researchers did not detect any non-native plants in the entire hot springs area. It was recommended to keep anthropogenic modification at a minimum and to eliminate or reduce the risk of potential introductions of non-native plant propagules. v Acknowledgments This study was partially funded by a fellowship