FAMILY Hemiramphidae Gill 1859 - halfbeaks [=Hemirhamphinae, Euleptorhamphinae, Oxyporhamphinae, Evolantiidae] Notes: Hemirhamphinae Gill 1859b:148 [ref. 1762] (subfamily) Hemiramphus [as Hemirhamphus, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; stem corrected to Hemiramph- by Gill 1885a:174 [ref. 1653], confirmed by Lindberg 1971:102 [ref. 27211] and by Nelson 1976:171 [ref. 32838]] Euleptorhamphinae Fowler 1934a:323 [ref. 1416] (subfamily) Euleptorhamphus Oxyporhamphinae Fowler 1934a:327 [ref. 1416] (subfamily) Oxyporhamphus Evolantiidae Smith 1955c:307 [ref. 4096] (family) Evolantia GENUS Arrhamphus Gunther, 1866 - snubnose garfishes, snubnosed halfbeaks [=Arrhamphus Günther [A.] 1866:276] Notes: [ref. 1983]. Masc. Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Arrhamphus Günther 1866 -- (Parin et al. 1980:94 [ref. 6895], Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442], Allen 1991:69 [ref. 21090], Collette 1999:2183 [ref. 24785], Collette 2004:2 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:733 [ref. 28994], Morgan 2011:12 [ref. 31262]). Current status: Valid as Arrhamphus Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Species Arrhamphus sclerolepis Gunther, 1866 [=Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther [A.] 1866:277, Hemirhamphus breviceps Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:240, Hemirhamphus kreftii Steindachner [F.] 1867:332 [26], Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Australia [originally as "? New Zealand"]. Current status: Valid as Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. The subspecies sclerolepis occurs from northern Australia to southern Papua New Guinea, and the subspecies kreffti in eastern and southeastern Australia. Habitat: freshwater. (breviceps) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 761] Brisbane River mouth, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater. (kreftii) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 56 (1. Abth.); ref. 14188] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866. Hemiramphidae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Chriodorus Goode & Bean, 1882 - hardhead halfbeaks [=Chriodorus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1882:431] Notes: [ref. 1840]. Masc. Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean 1882. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Chriodorus Goode & Bean 1882 -- (Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:208 [ref. 24550], Collette 2003:1136 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:2 [ref. 27583]). Current status: Valid as Chriodorus Goode & Bean 1882. Hemiramphidae. Species Chiriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean, 1882 [=Chriodorus atherinoides Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1882:432] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean 1882. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida south through the Florida Keys, to the Bahamas, Cuba, Campeche and Yucatán, Mexico, and Belize. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. GENUS Euleptorhamphus Gill, 1859 - halfbeaks [=Euleptorhamphus Gill [T. N.] 1859:156] Notes: [ref. 1757]. Masc. Euleptorhamphus brevoortii Gill 1859. Type by original designation. •Valid as Euleptorhamphus Gill 1859 -- (Parin et al. 1980:139 [ref. 6895], Parin & Astakhov 1982:289 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Collette & Su 1986:253 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:336 [ref. 12442], Collette 1999:2182 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1136 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:733 [ref. 28994], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Euleptorhamphus Gill 1859. Hemiramphidae. Species Euleptorhamphus velox Poey, 1868 [=Euleptorhamphus velox Poey [F.] 1868:383] Notes: [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Euleptorhamphus velox Poey 1868. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Atlantic: western Atlantic from New England south through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to Recife, Brazil and eastern Atlantic from the Cape Verde Islands, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Habitat: marine. Species Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823) [=Hemiramphus viridis van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:131, Euleptorhamphus brevoortii Gill [T. N.] 1859:156, Hemirhamphus elongatus Tanaka [S.] 1911:22, Pl. 6 (fig. 21), Hemirhamphus longirostris Cuvier [G.] 1829:286, Hemirhamphus macrorhynchus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:55, Pl. 556 [not 522], Hemiramphus tweediei Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1936:6, Pl. 2] Notes: [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India; Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands and California (U.S.A.) to Peru, north to Japan, south to New Caledonia and northern New Zealand. Habitat: marine. (brevoortii) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1757] Locality unknown. Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine. (elongatus) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 2; ref. 14881] Misaki, Sagami Province, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine. (longirostris) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine. (macrorhynchus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Ellice Islands, about 100 miles east of Nukufetau Islands, Polynesia. Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine. (tweediei) [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 12; ref. 10994] Selat Paoe, near Singapore, Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt 1823). Hemiramphidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Hemiramphus Cuvier, 1816 - halfbeaks, garfishes, ballyhoos [=Hemiramphus Cuvier [G.] 1816:186, Ardeapiscis Whitley [G. P.] 1931:314, Farhians Whitley [G. P.] 1930:250] Notes: [ref. 993]. Masc. Esox brasiliensis Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Gill 1863:273 [ref. 1693]. Originally Hemi-Ramphus (correction mandatory); sometimes spelled Hemirhamphus. •Valid as Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816 – (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Parin et al. 1980:111 [ref. 6895], Parin & Astakhov 1982:289 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:79 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:621 [ref. 13676], Collette 1986:389 [ref. 5647], Paxton et al. 1989:337 [ref. 12442], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:208 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2182 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1136 [ref. 26981], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Tibbetts et al. 2007:812 [ref. 29438], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816. Hemiramphidae. (Ardeapiscis) [ref. 4672]. Masc. Hemirhamphus welsbyi Ogilby 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Correct spelling for genus of type species is Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816 -- (Parin et al. 1980:111 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816. Hemiramphidae. (Farhians) [ref. 4670]. Masc. Hemiramphus commersonii Cuvier 1829 (= Esox far Forsskål 1775). Type by original designation. Treated as masculine, Art. 30.2.4. •Synonym of Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816 -- (Parin 1973:268 [ref. 7191], Parin et al. 1980:111 [ref. 6895], Collette 2004:3 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:290 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus Cuvier 1816. Hemiramphidae. Species Hemirhamphus archipelagicus Collette & Parin, 1978 [=Hemiramphus archipelagicus Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 1978:732, Fig. 1a] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 8943] Western Indian Ocean, Vietnam, 8°21'N, 104°38'E. Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus archipelagicus Collette & Parin 1978. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Pakistan and India east to Cook Islands, north to Philippines. Habitat: marine. Species Hemirhamphus balao Lesueur, 1821 [=Hemiramphus balao Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:136, Hemiramphus guineensis Bleeker [P.] 1863:119, Pl. 25 (fig. 2), Hemirhamphus macrochirus Poey [F.] 1860:299, Hemiramphus pleii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:21, Hemiramphus vittatus Valenciennes [A.] 1843:70] Notes: [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Near Guadeloupe Island and Martinique Island and Santo Domingo, Lesser Antilles, West Indies. Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus balao Lesueur 1821. Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New York south through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to Santos, Brazil; eastern Atlantic: Madeira and Canary Islands south to Angola. Habitat: brackish, marine. (guineensis) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Annonkor, Boutry, Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Hemiramphus balao