CAPITAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD Impact of Monetary Policy on Islamic and Conventional Bank Financing: Evidence from Pakistani Banking Sector by Samina Naz A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Management & Social Sciences Department of Management Sciences April, 2020 i Copyright c 2019 by Samina Naz All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, by any information storage and retrieval system without the prior written permission of the author. ii This thesis is dedicated to my father, who taught me that the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake. It is also dedicated to my mother, who taught me that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one step at a time. CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL Impact of Monetary Policy on Islamic and Conventional Bank Financing: Evidence from Pakistani Banking Sector by Samina Naz (MMS181014) THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE S. No. Examiner Name Organization (a) External Examiner Dr. Muhammad Khalid Sohail BU, Islamabad (b) Internal Examiner Dr. Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal CUST, Islamabad (c) Supervisor Dr. Jaleel Ahmad Malik CUST, Islamabad Dr. Jaleel Ahmad Malik Thesis Supervisor April, 2020 Dr. Mueen Aizaz Zafar Dr. Arshad Hassan Head Dean Dept. of Management Sciences Faculty of Management & Social Sciences April, 2020 April, 2020 iv Author's Declaration I, Samina Naz hereby state that my MS thesis titled \Impact of Monetary Policy on Islamic and Conventional Bank Financing: Evidence from Pakistani Banking Sector" is my own work and has not been submitted pre- viously by me for taking any degree from Capital University of Science and Tech- nology, Islamabad or anywhere else in the country/abroad. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my graduation, the University has the right to withdraw my MS Degree. (Samina Naz) Registration No: MMS181014 v Plagiarism Undertaking I solemnly declare that research work presented in this thesis titled \Impact of Monetary Policy on Islamic and Conventional Bank Financing: Evi- dence from Pakistani Banking Sector" is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and that complete thesis has been written by me. I understand the zero tolerance policy of the HEC and Capital University of Science and Technology towards plagiarism. Therefore, I as an author of the above titled thesis declare that no portion of my thesis has been plagiarized and any material used as reference is properly referred/cited. I undertake that if I am found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled thesis even after award of MS Degree, the University reserves the right to with- draw/revoke my MS degree and that HEC and the University have the right to publish my name on the HEC/University website on which names of students are placed who submitted plagiarized work. (Samina Naz) Registration No: MMS181014 vi Acknowledgements In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful. Praise be to God, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds. All thanks to Almighty Allah, The Lord of all that exist, who bestowed me with His greatest blessing i.e. knowledge and Wisdom to accomplish my task successfully.Thousands of salutations and benedictions to the Holy prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) the chosen-through by whom grace the sacred Quran was descended from the Most High. I am very thankful to Dr. Jaleel Ahmad Malik, a great teacher, mentor and supervisor. I am indebted to him for his valuable guidance, encouragement and dedicated support that enabled me to complete my MS Degree Program. I want to express my heartiest regards to my parents who always supported me morally, spiritually & prayed for my success. I would also like to thank my cousins, friends and well wishers for their encouragement which has always been a source of motivation for me. (Samina Naz) Registration No: MMS181014 vii Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the impact of monetary policy on conven- tional and Islamic banking sector of Pakistan. The target population of the study were Islamic and conventional banks of Pakistan and sample size consist of 27 conventional and 5 Islamic banks from the period of 2006 to 2016. The study is using the panel data approach for examine the impact of monetary policy on conventional and Islamic banks. Independent variable monetary policy measured as short term interest rate others independent variables such as size, liquidity and capitalization are used. Dependent variable measured through bank financing and also macroeconomic variables gross domestic product and consumer price index are used in this study. The data were collected from the annual reports of con- ventional and Islamic banks are published on bank official website the State Bank of Pakistan. The panel data regression technique has been used with different test such as common, fixed and random effect model and the study were applied fixed effect model for final interpretation with recommendation of hausman and likelihood test. The statistical findings of the study were shows that significant negative relationship between monetary policy and overall bank financing and in conventional bank shows that also significant and negative relationship and Islamic banks shows that significant but positive relationship between the specific char- acteristics and bank financing with respect of monetary policy. The interaction term short term interest rate significantly linked with the bank specific characteris- tics. The results of panel regression estimation explore that significant association among Islamic and conventional banking behavior in Pakistan.The Islamic bank financing is better more than conventional bank financing as interest rate because when (KIBOR) interest rate change an increase so the conventional bank financing will be decrease and Islamic bank financing increase because Islamic banks do not deals with credit or interest based instrument. The evidence suggest that bank specific characteristics are important for Islamic banking financing. The purpose of this investigation is to tell about how Islamic bank efficiently perform their role as supplier of capital for entrepreneur and business. The study suggest the Islamic and conventional banking sector should makes the policies regarding to viii the sustainability growth of bank financing in Islamic and conventional banking sector. Keywords: Bank Financing, Monetary Policy, Islamic and Conventional Banking. Contents Author's Declaration iv Plagiarism Undertakingv Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii List of Tables xi Abbreviations xii 1 Introduction1 1.1 The Principle Of Islamic Banking...................7 1.2 Theoretical Background........................ 10 1.3 Gap Analysis.............................. 10 1.4 Problem Statement........................... 11 1.5 Research Questions........................... 11 1.6 Research Objectives for This Study.................. 11 1.7 Supporting Theories.......................... 12 1.7.1 Profit Maximization Theory.................. 12 1.8 Significance of the Study........................ 12 1.9 Plan of the Study............................ 13 2 Literature Review 14 2.1 Hypotheses Development....................... 26 3 Data Description & Research Methodology 28 3.1 Data Description............................ 28 3.2 Population & Sample Size....................... 29 3.3 Test for Model Selection........................ 30 3.3.1 Likelihood Test for Overall Islamic and Conventional Banking 30 3.4 Data Sources.............................. 31 3.5 Descriptive Statistics.......................... 31 3.6 Correlation Analysis.......................... 31 ix x 3.7 Econometric Model........................... 31 3.8 Panel Data Analysis.......................... 32 3.9 Estimation of Data Using Panel Regression.............. 32 3.9.1 Common Effect Model..................... 32 3.9.2 Fixed Effect Model....................... 33 3.9.3 Random Effect Model..................... 33 3.10 Measurement of Variables....................... 34 3.11 Dependent Variable........................... 34 3.12 Independent Variable.......................... 35 4 Results & Discussion 36 4.1 Descriptive Statistics.......................... 36 4.2 Correlation Analysis.......................... 41 4.3 Likelihood Test for Overall Islamic and Conventional Banking... 42 4.4 Likelihood Test for Islamic Banking.................. 43 4.5 Likelihood Test for Conventional Banks................ 43 4.6 Panel Regression Analysis....................... 44 4.7 Discussion................................ 50 5 Conclusion & Recommendations 52 5.1 Conclusion................................ 52 5.2 Policy Recommendations........................ 56 5.3 Limitations............................... 57 5.4 Future Research............................. 57 References 59 List of Tables 3.1 Sample Classification.......................... 29 3.2 Variable Description.......................... 33 4.1 Descriptive Statistics.......................... 38 4.2 Correlation Analysis.......................... 42 4.3 Likelihood Test for Overall Islamic and Conventional Banking... 43 4.4 Likelihood Test for Islamic Banking.................. 43 4.5 Likelihood Test for Conventional Banks................ 43 4.6 Common Effect Model........................