Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN: 1516-635X [email protected] Fundação APINCO de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícolas Brasil Aguilar, YM; Yero, OM; Navarro, MIV; Hurtado, CAB; López, JAC; Mejía, LBG Effect of Squash Seed Meal (Cucurbita Moschata) on Broiler Performance, Sensory Meat Quality, and Blood Lipid Profile Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, vol. 13, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2011, pp. 219-226 Fundação APINCO de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícolas Campinas, SP, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=179721443001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola Effect of Squash Seed Meal (Cucurbita Moschata) ISSN 1516-635X Oct - Dec 2011 / v.13 / n.4 / 219-226 on Broiler Performance, Sensory Meat Quality, and Blood Lipid Profi le nAuthor(s) ABSTRACT Aguilar YM1 Yero OM1 In this experiment, 240 Cobb-500 broilers reared from1 to 49 days, Navarro MIV2 Hurtado CAB3 and distributed according to a completely experimental randomized López JAC4 design with four treatments of four replicates each in order to 5 Mejía LBG evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of 0, 33, 66 or 100 g/kg 1 Universidad de Granma, Apartado Postal of squash seed meal (SSM) (Cucurbita moschata) on the performance, 21. Bayamo, Granma. C.P 85300. carcass yield, serum lipid profile and sensory meat quality of broilers. 2 Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Apartado Postal 24, San José de Las Lajas, La Habana. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected in performance, carcass 3 Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de weight, weight and breast yield, and leg weight. The best results were Medicina Veterinaria and Zootecnia. obtained with 33 and 66 g/kg as compared to the control diet and Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias. Montería, Colombia. 100 g SSM /kg. Abdominal fat decreased with the inclusion of 66 and 4 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dep. de 100 g SSM / kg, but the sensory quality of breast and thighs was not Farmacobiología. Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421. Guadalajara, Jalisco, affected by the inclusion of SSM. The serum levels of total cholesterol, México. very low density (VLDL) and low density (LDL) lipoproteins, triglycerides, 5 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dep. de glucose and atherogenic index decreased with the inclusion of 100 g/ Química. Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. kg of SSM, except for high density lipoproteins (HDL), which increased. The inclusion of 0, 33, 66 and 100 g/kg of SSM in broiler diets, partially replacing soybean meal and vegetable oil, improved live performance and edible portions yield. In addition, abdominal fat and serum levels of harmful lipids were reduced, whereas serum levels of beneficial lipids nMail Adress increased. There was no effect on meat sensory quality. Yordan Martínez Aguilar Universidad de Granma INTRODUCTION Apartado Postal 21. Bayamo, Granma. C.P 85300 Squash pulp is consumed in Cuba since pre-Colombian times; E-mail: [email protected] however, seed are not used as human food or animal feed, and consequently, thousands of tons of seeds, containing 940 g/kg dry matter and significant amounts of proteins, amino acids, unsaturated lipids, phytosterols, squalene, dietary fiber, and minerals, are wasted. Squash seeds produce 225 to 248 kg crude protein/hectare and 240 nKeywords to 255 kg ether extract/hectare, which could potentially be used for Broilers, feeding, lipids, squash seed meal. poultry feeding (Martínez et al., 2008; Martínez, 2009). Squash seed meal is rich in proteins, but its inclusion in diets for monogastric animals have shown poor results (Bressani & Arroyave, 1963; Rossainz et al ., 1976; Manjarrez et al ., 1976; Bernal et al ., 1977). However, literature search has not retrieved sufficient information on the use of full-fat squash seeds in poultry diets, particularly in broiler diets. Hrdinka et al . (1996) and Ayerza et al . (2002), using oil seeds such as linseed and chia, observed better performance, reduced levels of harmful lipids and better meat quality in broilers. It should be mentioned that the chemical composition of feeds strongly influences blood levels of triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipids and low- and high- density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) in poultry (Murata et Submitted: December/2010 Approved: September/2011 al ., 2003 e Martínez et al., 2010). 219 Effect of Squash Seed Meal (Cucurbita Moschata) on Aguilar YM, Yero OM, Navarro MIV, Broiler Performance, Sensory Meat Quality, and Blood Hurtado CAB, López JAC, Mejía LBG Lipid Profile The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect four-phase feeding program was used: starter 0-10 of squash seed meal (SSM) (Cucurbita moschata) on days, grower 11-22 days, development 23-42 days broiler performance, sensory meat quality, and blood and finisher 43-49 days. lipid profile. Experimental conditions MATERIALS AND METHODS Each replicate consisted of a pen with deep corn stover litter and 12 birds/m2. Feed and water were Location offered ad libitum, in tube feeders and nipple drinker, The experiments were carried out at the Poultry respectively. Brooding lamps were used up to 10 days, Experimental Unit of the Center of Biological and after which a lighting program of 23 hours of light was Agricultural Sciences of the University of Guadalajara applied. Birds were vaccinated in the hatchery against (Unidad Experimental Avícola del Centro Universitario fowl pox, infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and de Ciencias Biológicas and Agronómicas (CUCBA) de infectious bursal disease. No medication was added to la Universidad de Guadalajara), Mexico, N 20.67°, W the feed, nor were therapeutic drugs used during the 103.34°. An average relative humidity of 70 %, and experimental period. average minimum and maximum temperatures of 16.9 °C and 27.9 °C, respectively, were recorded using a Performance parameters hygro-thermometer placed inside the experimental All birds were weighed in the beginning and end house. of the experiment (49 days). Feed intake (g/bird/day) was measured daily during the experimental period Squash seeds and calculated as the difference between the amount Six samples of whole squash seeds of different of feed offered and of feed residue. Feed conversion lots of the variety Tapatía, moschata species, stored ratio was calculated as the amount of feed intake to for 12 months, were collected, ground, and mixed. gain one kg body weight. Viability was determined as Their chemical composition was analyzed by Martínez the difference between the initial number of birds and (2009). recorded mortality. Birds and diets Table 1 - Ingredients and nutritional composition of the starter (0-10 days) and grower A total number of 240 (11-22 days) diets on as-fed basis. Squash seed meal levels (g/kg) one-day-old female Cobb- ¡ Ingredients Phase 1 Phase 2 500 chicks were reared 0 33 66 100 0 33 66 100 until 49 days of age. Birds Ground corn 575.40 564.60 567.40 571.20 604.80 599.20 594.20 603.14 were distributed, according Soybean meal 347.00 328.90 300.00 269.50 310.00 288.00 266.00 245.00 to a completely randomized Vegetable oil 30.00 26.00 19.50 12.50 39.00 34.00 28.50 23.80 experimental design, into SSM 0.00 33.00 66.00 100.00 0.00 33.00 66.00 100.00 four treatments with four Salt 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 replicates each. L-lysine 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.40 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 DL-methionine 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.10 2.30 2.20 2.10 1.90 Treatments consisted Dicalcium phosphate 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 18.50 18.50 18.50 1.86 of diets containing 0,33, Calcium carbonate 11.50 11.40 11.00 10.60 11.70 11.40 11.00 10.60 66 or 100 g squash seed Choline 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 meal (SSM) /kg feed. The Premix1 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 experimental diets (Tables Nutritional levels (g/kg) 1-2) were formulated to Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.90 12.90 12.90 12.90 contain equal protein Crude protein 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 Calcium 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 and energy levels and to Phosphorus 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 supply the requirements Methionine+cystine 8.90 8.90 8.90 8.90 8.40 8.40 8.40 8.40 recommended in the Cobb- Lysine 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 ¡ 500 manual (2007). The Ether extract 23.00 34.00 45.00 57.00 24.00 35.00 46.00 57.00 inclusion of SSM was made Crude fiber 37.00 41.00 45.00 48.00 35.00 39.00 43.00 47.00 at the expense of vegetable 1 - Each kg contains: vitamin A, 13,500 IU; vitamin D3, 3,375 IU; vitamin E, 34 mg; B2, 6 mg; pantothenic acid, oil and soybean meal. A 16 mg; nicotinic acid, 56 mg; Cu, 2,000 mg; folic acid , 1.13 mg; vitamin B12, 34 µg; Mn, 72 mg; Zn, 48 mg.