BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION GLOBAL INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP MODULE ERASMUS+ STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR YOUTH 2015-2-TR01-KA205-022935 | www.eleaderstochange.com Table of Contents Chapter 1. Theoretical Background ....................................................................................... 4 1. Background .................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Understanding the business organisation – a multidisciplinary approach ................. 5 1.2. Decision making ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3. The management role ................................................................................................ 6 2. Universality of management: ........................................................................................ 9 2.1. The Reality of Work .................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2. Management and Business Organization.......................................................... 11 1. Integrative Managerial Issues ..................................................................................... 11 1.1. Managing in a Global Environment ........................................................................ 11 1.1.1. The economic environment ............................................................................... 11 1.1.2. The political/legal environment ......................................................................... 12 1.1.3. The cultural environment ................................................................................... 12 1.1.4. Global Management in Today’s World ............................................................. 12 1.2. Managing Diversity ................................................................................................. 13 1.2.1. Diversity............................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2. Types of Workplace Diversity ........................................................................... 13 1.2.3. Challenges in Managing Diversity .................................................................... 14 1.2.4. Workplace Diversity Initiatives ......................................................................... 15 1.3. Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics ............................................................ 15 1.3.1. Social Responsibility ......................................................................................... 15 1.3.2. Managers and Ethical Behavior ......................................................................... 16 1.3.3. Social Responsibility and Ethics Issues In Today’s World ............................... 16 1.4. Managing Change and Innovation ........................................................................... 17 1.4.1. Types of Organizational Change ....................................................................... 17 1.4.2. Contemporary Issues in Managing Change ....................................................... 17 1.4.3. Stimulating Innovation ...................................................................................... 17 2. Planning ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.1. Foundations of Planning .......................................................................................... 19 2.1.1. Goals and Plans .................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2. Setting Goals and Developing Plans .................................................................. 20 2.1.3. Contemporary Issues in Planning ...................................................................... 20 2.2. Strategic Management ............................................................................................. 21 2.2.1. The strategic management process .................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Corporate Strategies ........................................................................................... 21 2.2.3. Competitive Strategies ....................................................................................... 22 2.2.4. Current Strategic Management Issues ............................................................... 22 3. Organizing .................................................................................................................... 23 3.1. Basic Organizational Design ................................................................................... 23 3.1.1. Designing Organizational Structure ................................................................... 23 3.1.2. Traditional Organizational Design ..................................................................... 24 3.2. Adaptive Organizational Design ............................................................................. 24 3.3. Managing Human Resources ................................................................................... 24 3.3.1. Managing Teams................................................................................................ 25 1 4. Leading.......................................................................................................................... 26 4.1. Understanding Individual Behavior ........................................................................ 26 4.1.1. Attitudes and Job Performance .......................................................................... 27 4.1.2. Personality ......................................................................................................... 28 4.1.3. Perception .......................................................................................................... 29 4.1.4. Learning ............................................................................................................. 30 4.2. Social Learning ........................................................................................................ 30 4.3. Managers and Communication ................................................................................ 32 4.3.1. Methods of Interpersonal Communication ........................................................ 32 4.3.2. Effective Interpersonal Communication ............................................................ 33 4.3.3. Organizational Communication ......................................................................... 33 4.3.4. Organizational Communication Networks ........................................................ 34 4.4. Motivating Employees ............................................................................................. 35 4.4.1. Early Theories of Motivation ............................................................................. 35 4.4.2. Contemporary Theories of Motivation .............................................................. 36 4.5. Managers as Leaders ............................................................................................... 38 4.5.1. Early theories of leadership ............................................................................... 38 4.5.2. The three major contingency theories of leadership .......................................... 39 5. Controlling .................................................................................................................... 40 5.1. The Control Process................................................................................................. 41 5.2. Controlling for Organizational Performance ........................................................... 42 5.3. Tools for measuring Organizational Performance................................................... 42 5.4. Managing Operations .............................................................................................. 43 5.4.1. The Role of Operations Management ................................................................ 43 6. Planning Techniques .................................................................................................... 44 6.1. Techniques for Assessing the Environment ............................................................ 44 6.1.1. Environmental Scanning .................................................................................... 44 6.1.2. Forecasting ......................................................................................................... 45 6.1.3. Benchmarking .................................................................................................... 46 6.2. Techniques for Allocating Resources ...................................................................... 47 6.2.1. Budgeting ........................................................................................................... 47 6.2.2. Scheduling ......................................................................................................... 48 Chapter 3. Tools ..................................................................................................................... 49 1. Free Software Tools ..................................................................................................... 49 1.1. iDempiere Business Suites -Enterprise resource planning (ERP) ........................... 49 1.2. Apptivo ...................................................................................................................