A Think-Tank RIS of Developing Countries Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) is a New Delhi- SOUTHERN PERSPECTIVES based autonomous policy research institute that specialises in issues related to international economic development, trade, investment and technology. RIS is ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY envisioned as a forum for fostering effective policy dialogue and capacity-building COOPERATION among developing countries on global and regional economic issues. The focus of the work programme of RIS is to promote South-South Cooperation and collaborate with developing countries in multilateral negotiations in various forums. RIS is engaged across inter-governmental processes of several regional economic cooperation initiatives. Through its intensive network of think ITEC Programme on Science Diplomacy tanks, RIS seeks to strengthen policy coherence on international economic issues 7-18 January 2019 and the development partnership canvas. New Delhi For more information about RIS and its work programme, please visit its website: www.ris.org.in SOUTHERN PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION SOUTHERN PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Core IV-B, Fourth Floor, India Habitat Centre Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003 India., Ph. 91-11-24682177-80 Fax: 91-11-24682173-74, Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ris.org.in Follow us on: @RIS_NewDelhi www.facebook.com/risindia www.youtube.com/RISNewDelhi Southern Perspectives on Science and Technology Cooperation ITEC Programme on Science Diplomacy 7-18 January 2019 New Delhi “Southern Perspectives on Science and Technology Cooperation”, is a collection of articles authored by Participants of the ITEC Programme on Science Diplomacy. The programme was conducted by Research and Information System (RIS) for Developing Countries, under the aegis of the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, from January 7 to 18 January 2019. It was attended by 36 participants, representing 27 different countries. This thematic volume is an outcome of the aforementioned course, which was designed to give a holistic understanding of different dimensions of Science Diplomacy. © RIS, 2019 Published in 2019 by: Core IV-B, Fourth Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, India Ph.: +91-11-24682177-80, Fax: +91-11-24682173-74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ris.org.in CONTENTS Preface by Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, RIS v 1. Science Diplomacy and S&T Collaboration in Serbia 1 Mirjana Ćujić 2. Biotechnology, Bio-weapons and Science Diplomacy 5 Douglas Nascimento Santana 3. Science Diplomacy and Sustainable Development in Mauritius 11 Gajjaluxmi Mootoosamy 4. Building scientific capacities through the Pan African university project 17 Tewfik Ahmed Othmane Tabeti and Hadef Somia 5. Introduction of Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh –Modern Diplomacy 23 Nargis Akter Dolly 6. High-Tech Agriculture and Climate Change: Case of Tien Giang Province, 29 Viet Nam Din Khac Huy Nguyen, Thanh Minh Thu Vo 7. Journey of Federal Republic of Ethiopia from a Middle Income Country 35 to a Climate Resilient Economy Bilen Kassahun Tolessa 8. Science Diplomacy and Sustainable Development: Suriname-India 39 Bilateral Relations to Improve Livelihoods of Rural Communities David Abiamofo 9. Review on S&T Cooperation between Russia and India 45 Anastasia Zadorina 10. Science Diplomacy to and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 51 Case of Kyrgyz Republic Bekirova Dinara 11. Universities as Centers of Science Diplomacy: Case of Volgograd 57 State Technical University Volkov Sergey 12. Indonesia – South Korea Science Diplomacy through Marine and 61 Coastal Cooperation Nicolaus Naibaho, Budhi Gunadharma Gautama 13. Role of Scientific Community in International Discussions: 67 The Case of World Drug Problem Eduardo Betancourt Key 14. A Case of India-South Sudan Cooperation in Education and Science 73 and Technology in South Sudan Johnson Kol Bol Makol 15. Science Diplomacy for Strengthening the Medicines Regulatory Systems in 79 the Americas: A Regional Experience Lisette Elda Perez Ojeda 16. Iran’s Science Diplomacy: A Holistic View 85 Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar 17. Transferring Indian Technology to Sudan for Agricultural Development: 95 A Case of Science Diplomacy Okasha Eldow Mohammed Elmahi 18. Advancing Food Security in Kenya through International Scientific Cooperation 101 Abdirahman Omar Ali 19. Science Diplomacy and Regional Integration: The Eastern and 107 Southern African Experience Umawatee Bungaroo Ramdoo 20. Role of Science Diplomacy in Alleviating Impact of Climate Change on 113 Agriculture: Way Forward for Sustainable Agriculture Imene Mensi, Sarra Arbaoui 21. International Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation: 117 The Case of India, Argentina and Guatemala Tatiana Lenzuen, Leonel Monterroso 22. Current Status of Science Diplomacy in the Republic of Armenia 123 Meri Martirosyan 23. Global Health Diplomacy: A Strategic Opportunity for Egypt 131 Mohamed Elshaarawi Mohamed Youssif, Heba Fawzy Mohamed Mahmoud 24. Diplomacy and International Cooperation: Way Forward for STI in 137 Dominican Republic Max Emmanuel Brea Mella 25. Science Diplomacy for Scientific and Technological Cooperation: 147 Challenges for Colombia’s Government Sara Duran, Diana Yulieth Cespedes Pardo 26. Panama-India Co-operation in S&T and Agriculture 151 Santiago Ortega PREFACE Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General, RIS Science Diplomacy has emerged as a key component in diplomacy and foreign policy. Over the years it has emerged as a theme that has immense theoretical and practical relevance. This has resulted in an enormous increase in literature on Science Diplomacy, including studies on policies and case studies. In addition to this, literature on health diplomacy and innovation diplomacy has been increasing. But most of the literature is from the institutions in developed countries, which often reflect or reiterate the perspectives from policy makers, diplomats and institutions there. In the recent years, post Paris Climate Agreement, climate change has emerged as a major concern in global development discourse and practice and Science Diplomacy and S&T cooperation are no exception to this. In this volume and in the presentations made the role of Science Diplomacy in Climate Change issues finds an important place. Similarly, the Sustainable Development Goals and the using Science Diplomacy to meet SDGs and harnessing S&T co-operation for achieving SDGs is another topic that has been discussed in this volume. Since the first capacity building programme conducted in 2017 RIS has been bringing out a publication consisting of papers from participants. In the programme conducted in 2019 there were 36 participants representing 27 countries, from Africa, Latin America and Asia with a perfect gender balance of 18 females and 18 males. As in the previous programmes, the agenda was a mix of lectures, study and group discussions, field visits and technical sessions. Eminent experts and, policy makers addressed the participants on a wide variety of topics, including Artificial Intelligence, Climate Policy, Genome Editing, and, Technology and Foreign Policy. The participants were divided in to six groups and each group made a presentation. In addition to this, they were to write a paper, as an individual or as a group of two. This volume consists of papers written by them. The papers cover a wide range of themes and topics, but what is important is that they bring in perspectives and insights on Science Diplomacy, South-South Collaboration and bi-lateral/multi-lateral collaboration. They discuss about their aspirations and expectations from Science Diplomacy and also South-South collaboration. It is heartening to note that the papers have identified new areas of co-operation and make suggestions for expanding the present ones. The suggestions are not wish lists but are backed by analysis and data. I hope these will be found useful by all stakeholders. In fact these are welcome additions to the literature, which as pointed out, emanates mostly from developed countries. This volume, on the other hand, is a collection of views from the South, and reflects the visions and ideas of the new voices waiting to be heard and talked to. Thereby this volume opens up opportunities for dialogues and discussions, and, has a focus on adopting Science Diplomacy by the South, for the South. The participants have written papers that go beyond traditional S&T cooperation and have identified new opportunities and themes for S&T cooperation and science diplomacy, such as climate resilience, role of universities, transfer of technology, advancing food security etc. Similarly, some of the papers have addressed issues like cooperation among three countries, SDGs, transformation to a middle income country. Thus it is clear that in science diplomacy and S&T cooperation, new ideas and approaches are the need of the hour. It is hoped that the stimulating ideas and analysis in this volume will spur more thought and action. We thank the Ministry of External Affairs for supporting ITEC Programme on Science Diplomacy conducted by RIS. We are also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology for sponsoring the Science Diplomacy Programme at RIS. Finally, we congratulate the participants and the RIS team for this excellent and timely publication. Sachin Chaturvedi 6 Science Diplomacy and S&T Collaboration in Serbia Development of S&T Capacity In Serbia the first Ministry of Education