USING WASTE AS A RESOURCE WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONSULTING FROM IDEA TO REALITY WWW.RAMBOLL.COM/WTE The new combustion line at the Klemetsrud waste-to-energy facility near Oslo, Norway was commissioned in 2011 and boasts a capacity of 160,000 tpa, producing 55.4 MW heat (heat demand of 40,000 households) and 10.5 MW electricity (electricity consumption of 20,000 households). Cover image: Amager Bakke Denmark, Christoffer Regild WASTE-TO-ENERGY 3 WHAT WE CAN DO FOR YOU Waste-to-energy For special types of waste, fluidized bed technology may be an option. Ramboll can provide you A waste-to-energy facility may with well-considered advice generate a range of outputs: Besides energy, the output includes throughout all phases of electricity, district heating, steam flue gas, bottom ash and residues your project – from idea to for industrial processes, from flue gas treatment. The flue reality based on our desalinated seawater or even gas and any wastewaters are comprehensive experience district cooling. cleaned according to the local from waste-to-energy environmental standards prior to Where it is uneconomic or unsound projects all over the world. discharge. Metals can be recovered to recycle, residual waste becomes from the bottom ash which may be Ramboll is a leading a valuable local source of energy. used for construction purposes, engineering, design and The carbon footprint and while the residues from flue gas consultancy company environmental performance of a treatment are sent to specialised founded in Denmark in 1945. modern waste-to-energy facility is treatment facilities for re-use, superior to many alternative waste Today, we employ 15,000 recycling or disposal. treatment processes. globally and have especially strong representation in the The most widely used and well Nordics, UK, North America, proven waste-to-energy Continental Europe, Middle technology, is a moving grate on East and Asia Pacific. With which the waste is combusted. This more than 300 offices in 35 process is flexible and can be used countries, Ramboll combines with or without pre-treatment such local experience with a as material recovery. global knowledgebase. Our range of multi-disciplinary activities stretches from sustainable energy to structural engineering. OUR SERVICES Project phase Output/objective Project planning Decision-making basis Technical concept + Project definition tender documents High-quality facility at Procurement competitive price Fulfilment of Construction and testing contract requirements High availability and Operational follow-up strong performance 4 RAMBOLL PROJECT PLANNING - MAKING THE DECISION Ramboll has a thorough After recycling, how much waste energy project. understanding of the role of waste- will be generated? Is the waste When the feasibility of the project to-energy in integrated resource suitable for thermal treatment? has been established and the management. Our extensive How can one sell the energy project structure is defined and experience of the preparation of produced? What technologies are agreed upon, we assist with the waste and energy strategies around most appropriate? What is the next steps of the project. Permits the world ensures that we can help optimum procurement route? What from the authorities are applied for, our clients to make informed is the likely investment cost? What environmental impact assessments decisions. is the gate fee? are prepared, and the siting and Depending on size, a waste-to- We prepare assessments to answer overall layout of the facility are energy facility can be an investment clients’ questions and to provide discussed. In this context, we of several hundred million euros. A the basis for investment decisions. also assist our clients in their smaller facility is still a significant communication with stakeholders. Ramboll prepared ‘A Decision investment for the community, in Maker’s Guide to Municipal Solid Often, we prepare 3D animations, which it will serve. Waste Incineration’ for the World to give clients and stakeholders a Before embarking on a project of Bank. The guide describes many of virtual tour of their future facility. this magnitude, a number of key the initial considerations to be factors need to be considered. made before initiating a waste-to- West Palm Beach, USA The waste-to-energy facility has been in commercial operation since 2015 and process approximately 1 million tonnes of household waste, producing 95 MW (gross) electricity. Image by: SWA Ramboll assisted Lincolnshire County Council in the procurement of a new waste-to-energy plant. After entering commercial operation in 2014, the plant is capable of treating 150,000 tpa of residual waste and recovering both heat and power. ‘‘THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICALLY OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR A CLEANER REGION.” – MARTIN BRUNNER, RAMBOLL, PROJECT MANAGER FOR THE RENERGIA WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT The new waste-to-energy facility in Lucerne, Switzerland has a capacity of 200,000 tpa, producing 70 MW boiler output and 28 MW electricity. WASTE-TO-ENERGY 7 PROJECT DEFINITION – SPECIFYING THE TECHNICAL CONCEPT Which technologies should be of key equipment and processes. 14 MJ/kg10,5 MJ/kg used? How to establish the We are always closely involved in 121 MW (110 %) 10 MJ/kg 120 combustion diagram for the the detailed technical solutions and 110 MW (MW) facility? Should we consider one, their implementation, both when 8 MJ/kg 100 two or more units? How should the the facility is tendered as a turn-key facility tie in with existing contract and when it is tendered 77 MW infrastructure? How can we through a number of lots. We use THERMAL INPUT 80 (70 %) 37,5 t/h 42 t/h optimise the energy output? What the most advanced process design 25,0 35,0 45,0 are the key design parameters? tools. WASTE INPUT (ton/h) What is the breakdown of capital We know the applicable and and operating costs? How should Combustion diagram. emerging rules and regulations. risks be allocated? What are the Ramboll is influential in the project milestones? When can the development and application of facility operations commence? The new legislation in this sector. This project definition phase addresses puts us in a unique position to all of these questions and many anticipate future requirements and more. can help to ensure facilities take The project is defined in account of tomorrow’s standards. accordance with our clients’ expectations and this ensures that their requirements are fully incor- porated in to the project. We know the waste-to-energy technology suppliers. Working on many projects has taught us how to identify the problems and pitfalls Access walkways. Photo, right: Stellan Stebe. The owner of the waste-to-energy facility in Halmstad, Sweden, has chosen to upgrade several parts of the facility to optimise operations. For instance, the flue gas treatment system has been upgraded, and the convection part and economisers of the old units have been replaced. Furthermore, flue gas condensation has been implemented on the new 120,000 tpa unit that was established in 2003 with Ramboll as Halmstad’s consultant. WASTE-TO-ENERGY 9 PROCUREMENT - BUYING THE FACILITY The objective of the procurement We have procured facilities through We can provide: process is to ensure value for money one or several lots for mechanical • Output-based key performance through a high-quality contract with and electrical equipment and for requirements that the contractor a reputable bidder at a competitive civil works. The objective is to must comply with using its own price. In this phase, we short-list balance risks, gain maximum bidder good design, or the suppliers of mechanical and interest and to obtain the lowest electrical equipment and civil prices. Ramboll fully understands • Detailed specifications to ensure works contractors in a the risks and interfaces of each that the contractor does not cut prequalification procedure, we approach and this specialist corners in its design. prepare tender documents, and we knowledge provides the Ramboll’s commercial conditions conduct a professional opportunity to explore a greater have been tried and tested over procurement process. range of options with our clients. many years, and they are well Ramboll has broad experience Ramboll has prepared tender known by all the relevant suppliers. using many types of procurement documents for more than 90 new A well-known contract format is route. We provide assistance to waste-to-energy facilities and retro- one way to reduce perceived plant owners and operators for the fits, and have a very well-proven bidder risk and increase bidder procurement of facilities on a format for both technical specifica- interest. design-build basis, as well as to tions and commercial conditions. local or regional authorities in their procurement of Public-Private Partnership waste management contracts. Architectural vision of a study for a 1,000,000 tpa waste-to-energy plant in the United Arab Emirates. “IN THIS FINAL PHASE IT IS ESSENTIAL TO HAVE A CONSULTANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE SUPPLIERS DELIVER A FACILITY THAT LIVES UP TO THE CONTRACT.” – JONAS EEK, MANAGER OF SYSAV ENERGY Sysav’s waste-to-energy facility in Malmö is one of the largest in Europe. It has the capacity to treat 650,000 tonnes of waste annually. The facility has been extended several times – in 2003 and again in 2008 – to accommodate increasing waste amounts. Ramboll was Sysav’s consultant when the two new units were established and has also assisted in the upgrading of the two older units. WASTE-TO-ENERGY 11 CONSTRUCTION, COMMISSIONING AND TESTING - BUILDING THE FACILITY Ramboll masters all the technical • Review and approval of detailed disciplines which are associated design and key sub-contractors. The overall objective of this with the design, construction and phase is to ensure that the • Interface management. operation of waste-to-energy supplier fulfils the require- facilities. This expertise is a • Supervision of construction, ments of the contract.