SOUTHEAST-MIDWEST HOUSEWRITE: PACKET 6 Edited by: Dylan Bowman, Aidan Leahy, Katherine Lei, Arjun Nageswaran, Govind Prabhakar, Ethan Strombeck, Ethan Ashbrook, and William Groger, with oversight by Taylor Harvey. Written by the editors and Shoorsen Gandhi, Elan Pan, Lawrence Zhao, Aadi Karthik, Vishal Sareddy, Janaki Kapadia, Aaron Dantzler, Soham Mehra Arjun Kala, Joel Valan, Jonathan Lau, Matthew Tang, Annie Lin, Shreyas Singh, Biniam Alaro, and Arthur Delot-Vilain. NOTE: THESE TOSSUPS AND BONUSES ARE PAIRED. IF THE TOSSUP GOES DEAD, SKIP THE ASSOCIATED BONUS. DO NOT GO BACK AND READ ANY BONUSES THAT ARE SKIPPED. 1. A short poem by this author tells how the narrator laughed when a man in a crowd yelled “what an eloquent little man!” while at a legal trial prosecuted by this author’s friend. This author dedicated a collection of his poems “just polished off with dry pumice” to a man named Cornelius. The longest poem and only epyllion by this author is framed by the marriage of (*) Peleus and discusses Ariadne’s abandonment. This author asks for a thousand and a hundred kisses three times in a poem that opens “Let us live...let us love.” The one-hundred-first poem by this author is about visiting his brother’s funeral ashes and ends with the motto “Hail and Farewell,” or “Ave atque Vale.” For 10 points, name this author of many carmina, a Roman poet and lover of Juventius and Lesbia. ANSWER: Gaius Valerius Catullus <Ashbrook, Poetry> [Ed. Leahy] 1. These compounds are converted to ketones in the Claisen and Dieckmann condensations. For 10 points each: [M] Name these compounds that consist of a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group and an R side group. A carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to OR’ (“O R prime”) in this functional group. ANSWER: esters [H] This reaction converts ketones to esters using mCPBA. In it, oxygen is inserted into a carbon-carbon bond next to a carbonyl group. ANSWER: Baeyer–Villiger oxidation [E] mCPBA and other BVO catalysts are “peroxy” forms of these compounds. The O-OH group of mCPBA allows it to donate protons, classifying it under the Brønsted-Lowry definition of these compounds. ANSWER: acids [accept peroxyacids or peracids] <Valan, Chemistry> [Ed. Lei] 2. A group of this ethnicity called the Azalis split from one religion over the belief that one man was not “He whom God shall make manifest.” Another religious leader of this ethnicity built an “arc” of religious buildings on the side of a mountain as dictated in the Tablet of Carmel. One leader of this ethnicity used the term “Letters of the Living” to refer to the first eighteen disciples of one religion. Free love and (*) vegetarianism were promoted by a religious figure of this ethnicity named Mazdak. A religious figure of this ethnicity who wrote the Gathas was venerated along with a prophet of this ethnicity named Mani in Manichaeism (“MAN-ih-kee-ism”). The conflict between Angra Mainyu and Ahura Mazda was preached by a prophet of this ethnicity. For 10 points, name this ethnicity that historically practiced Zoroastrianism. ANSWER: Persians [accept Iranians; prompt on Baha’is, Zoroastrians, or Manichaeans by asking “of what ethnicity is that Baha’i/Zoroastrian/Manichaean leader?”] <Prabhakar, Religion> [Edited] 2. N.K. Jemisin describes the “Day of Good Birds” in a parody of this story named for those that “stay and fight.” For 10 points each: [H] Name this story inspired by a scenario proposed by William James. In this story, the happiness of a seemingly utopian society depends on the torture of a child locked in a cellar. ANSWER: “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas” [M] This recently deceased author wrote “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.” This author wrote about the ambisexual denizens of Gethen in The Left Hand of Darkness and created the Earthsea universe. ANSWER: Ursula Kroeber Le Guin [E] LeGuin and Jemisin are each multiple-time winners of the premier science fiction award, which has this name. An author with this last name described the redemption of Jean Valjean in Les Misérables. ANSWER: Hugo [accept the Hugo Awards or Victor Hugo] <Delot-Vilain, Short Fiction/Other> [Ed. Leahy] Note to moderator: read pronunciation guides in answerline carefully. 3. This language was the first to implement an algorithm for line-breaking created by this language’s inventor and Michael Plass. MetaPost is most commonly used with this language, which uses ampersands to separate entries in its tabular environment. A set of macros for this language was developed by Leslie Lamport. Frequently-used packages in this language include PGF/TikZ (“P-G-F ticks”) and fancyhdr, which are implemented using the command (*) "backslash usepackage.” A suite of enhancements for this language is given by the package amsmath. Overleaf is an online text editor for this language. Donald Knuth invented this language to format his second edition of The Art of Computer Programming. For 10 points, name this language that is used to typeset mathematics. ANSWER: TeX (“teck,” but be lenient) [accept LaTeX or any answer including TeX like LuaTeX or ConTeXt] <Karthik, Computer Science> [Ed. Bowman] NOTE TO MODERATOR: Read first answerline carefully. 3. A plan called the “Great Design” was created by this organization for one military endeavor. For 10 points each: [H] Name this organization, whose leaders, the Heeren XIX (“nineteen”), developed the “Great Design.” Later on, this organization authored the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions in order to settle one colony through patroonships. ANSWER: Dutch West India Company [accept GWC; do NOT accept nor prompt on “Dutch East India Company” nor “VOC”] [E] The “Great Design” was formulated to harass the Iberian Union, which was then ruled by a king with this name. An earlier king with this name inherited Spain from his father Charles V and sent the Spanish Armada. ANSWER: Philip [accept Philip I of Portugal or Philip II of Spain or Philip the Prudent or Philip III of Portugal or Philip IV of Spain or Felipe or Filipe] [M] As part of the “Great Design,” the Dutch captured the island of Gorée, in this modern-day west African country. This country’s capital city was the western terminus of a proposed French railway that would have gone to Djibouti. ANSWER: Republic of Senegal <Prabhakar, British/European History> [Edited] 4. A dish in this country called patsamena, consisting of dried shrimp with sweet potato leaves, is one of this country’s most popular laokas (“la-OH-kas”), or accompaniments. Before switching to a Latin alphabet, this country’s official language was written using an Arabic-based script called Sorabe. A reburial ceremony in this country where people remove the dead from their graves and wrap them in a fresh cloth is called famadihana. Many rice paddies surround this country’s largest lake, Lake (*) Alaotra. The Merina people are native to this country which is home to the westernmost Austronesian language, Malagasy. Antananarivo is the capital of, for 10 points, what island country separated from mainland Africa by the Mozambique Channel? ANSWER: Republic of Madagascar <Sareddy/Prabhakar, Geography> [Ed. Prabhakar] 4. This film almost directly lifts a scene from Yojimbo in which Sanjuro chops off a man’s hand while in a bar, and Yojimbo actor Toshiro Mifune was originally considered for one of this film’s roles. For 10 points each: [E] Name this film. Akira Kurosawa’s influence on this film’s director, George Lucas, also inspired how this film’s opening follows the lowly characters C-3PO and R2-D2 as they wander Tatooine after Leia’s capture by the Empire. ANSWER: Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope [accept either underlined portion] [H] The plot of Star Wars was mainly inspired by this Kurosawa film, in which two peasants help escort the disguised Princess Yuki and a bunch of gold out of enemy Yamana territory. ANSWER: The Hidden Fortress [or Kakushi toride no san akunin; accept The Three Villains of the Hidden Fortress] [M] A New Hope also pays homage with these transition effects frequently used by Kurosawa. A bar anchored at the center of the shot sweeps along the border of the screen in the “clock” type of this transition. ANSWER: (clock) wipes <Ashbrook, Film> [Edited] 5. This leader’s government published the White Book, which alleged a conspiracy to murder top military officials as part of Plan Z. The FPMR sought to overthrow this leader, whose actions were investigated in the Rettig report. This leader became commander-in-chief of his country’s army after the resignation of Carlos Prats. The DINA assassinated (*) Orlando Letelier (“le-TELL-yay”), a critic of this leader, in a car bombing in Washington D.C. This leader reversed many of the socialist policies of his predecessor by working with the “Chicago Boys” to make laissez-faire economic reforms. This dictator participated in Operation Condor and came to power after a 1973 coup d’etat. For 10 points, name this dictator, who overthrew Salvador Allende to become president of Chile. ANSWER: Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte <Karthik, World History> [Ed. Prabhakar] 5. One work by this thinker suggests that violence is necessary for decolonization in its opening section “On Violence” and has a preface written by Jean-Paul Sartre (“sart”). For 10 points each: [M] Name this Martinican psychiatrist and philosopher who discussed the psychological impacts of colonization and formation of a national culture in the book The Wretched of the Earth. ANSWER: Frantz Omar Fanon [accept Ibrahim Frantz Fanon] [E] Another Fanon work is about the pressure of colonized people to wear “masks” of this color.