PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DETERMINISM AS SEEN THROUGH THE MAIN CHARACTER AND THE SETTING IN SISTER CARRIE BY THEODORE DREISER AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By CLAUDIA NATALIA SUHIDRO Student Number: 134214096 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DETERMINISM AS SEEN THROUGH THE MAIN CHARACTER AND THE SETTING IN SISTER CARRIE BY THEODORE DREISER AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By CLAUDIA NATALIA SUHIDRO Student Number: 134214096 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis DETERMINISM AS SEEN THROUGH THE MAIN CHARACTER AND THE SETTING IN SISTER CARRIE BY THEODORE DREISER By CLAUDIA NATALIA SUHIDRO Student Number: 134214096 Approved by Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum June 4, 2017 Advisor Elisa [£t, SS., M.Hum. June 4, 2017 Co-Advisor III PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis DETERMINISM AS SEEN THROUGH THE MAIN CHARACTER AND THE SETTING IN SISTER CARRIE BY THEODORE DREISER By CLAUDIA NATALIA SUHIDRO Student Number: 134214096 Defended before the Board ofExaminers on July 21,2017 and Declared Acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name Chairperson : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum Secretary ,: Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. Member 1 : Tatang Iskama, S.S., M.Hum. Member 2 : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Bum Member 3 : Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. Dr. P. Ari Subagyo, M.Hum IV PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award ofany degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text ofthe undergraduate thesis Yogyakarta, June 2, 2017 fj. Claudia Natalia Suhidro .. ' v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama Claudia Nataha Suhidro Nomor Mahasiswa 134214096 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul DETERMINISM AS SEEN THROUGH THE MAIN CHARACTER AND THE SETTING IN SISTER CARRIE BY THEODORE DREISER Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dham1a hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan, dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya elalam bentuk pangkalan elata, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, elan mempublikasikannya eli intemet atau meelia lain untuk kepentingan akaelemis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepaela saya maupun memberikan royalty kepaela saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pemyataan ini saya buat elengan sebenamya. Dibuat eli Yogyakatia Paelatanggal2Juni2017 Yang menyatakan, H Claudia atalia Suhidro VI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This Undergraduate thesis is dedicated to: The Lord Jesus Christ, My Beloved Family, And Everyone I love… vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my Lord, Jesus Christ for His unconditional blessing in my life. I am so thankful that He never failed me at anything. I know that He always accompanies and guides me in every situation so that I can finish this thesis. Also, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. for giving me a lot of guidance, advices, suggestions, and patience to help me to finish this thesis. I also like to thank my co-advisor, Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. for giving me her patience and her time to read and also correct this undergraduate thesis to make it better. I dedicate this thesis for my beloved parents, my dearest sister and brother, and my beloved grandma. I thank them for always praying for me, giving me supports, endless love, and a great care even though I often make them disappointed. Without their continuous supports, I would have never been able to finish this thesis. I really grateful to have them in my life. Thank you for being my family. My gratitude is also given to my special one, B.Giordano, for loving me genuinely, supporting me and encouraging me to finish this thesis. Thank you for always being there for me, thank you for your patience, thank you for accepting me in all ways. Words can’t describe how lucky am I to have you in my life. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I also want to thank my second family, komsel Victory, who is also my spiritual family. Thank you for always praying for me, helping me in difficulties in life, encouraging me when I almost give up in my thesis. I’m so happy in the right community which I can call them as family. Thank you so much for everything. Last but not least, I give thanks to all my friends who filling my days with laughter and happiness. They are especially from Bergelantungan group, Bu Bagyo Family, Manis Manja group, and Sanquidlaudya group. Thank you for our unforgettable memories together and thank you for our togetherness. I hope our friendship will last long. I love you all. Claudia Natalia Suhidro ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………........ ii APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE…………………………………………………........ iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH.. v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY……………………………………….... vi DEDICATION PAGE……………………………………………………...... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………….... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………. x ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….............. xi ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………….………. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. 1 A. Background of the Study…………………………………………….. 1 B. Problem Formulation……………………………………………….... 5 C. Objectives of the Study………………………………………………. 5 D. Definition of the Terms……………………………………………… 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………. 9 A. Review of Related Studies…………………………………………… 9 B. Review of Related Theories…………………………………………. 13 1. Theories on Character and Characterization…………….......... 13 2. Theories on Naturalism………………………………….......... 14 3. Theories on Determinism………………………………........... 17 4. Theories on Setting…………………………………………… 18 C. Theoretical Framework……………………………………………... 19 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………… 20 A. Object of the Study…………………………………………………. 20 B. Approach of the Study……………………………………………… 21 C. Method of the Study………………………………………………... 21 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS……………………………………………… 23 A. The Main Character Described in the Story……………………….. 23 B. The Idea of Determinism in Carrie’s Character……………………. 35 1. Internal Forces……………………………………………….. 35 2. External Forces………………………………………………. 39 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………. 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………... 48 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Claudia Natalia. Determinism as Seen through the Main Character and the Setting in Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2017. Sister Carrie is the first work of Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie is a novel about the main character, Carrie Meeber, who comes from small town Wisconsin. In order to get a better life and pursue her happiness, she decides to move to big city, in Chicago. The cruelty of social environment in modern American society influences Carrie’s understanding of happiness. At the end, she’s trapped by her endless desires for luxurious material and wealth. There are two objectives related to the study. The first objectives is to find out how is the main character, Sister Carrie, is described in the story. The second objective is how the main character, Sister Carrie, reveals the idea of determinism. In answering the problems, theory of determinism is needed. Determinism is all events in the universe are determined by the conditions that produced them. It is related the philosophy of certainty and every events can be the result of causes that determine them. The writer applied moral-philosophical approach to analyze the study. This approach is used to investigate the philosophical issues in the novel since the focus on the study is to analyze the idea of determinism through the main character. The result of the study shows that Sister Carrie has several characteristic which are described through the story. Those characteristics are inexperienced, timid, unconscious, desireful, insecure, dependent, materialistic, easily tempted, and gloomy. The idea of determinism can be seen through the main character is internal forces (hereditary, instinct, and passion) and external forces (society, environment, and chance). xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Claudia Natalia. Determinism as Seen through the Main Character and the Setting in Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2017. Sister Carrie adalah karya pertama Theodore Dresier. Sister Carrie adalah novel tentang karakter utama, Carrie Meeber, yang berasal dari kota kecil di Wisconsin. Untuk mendapatkan kehidupan