SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon pubUcations as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti­ tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keNuote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com­ mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsoniari Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub­ lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution vf' SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 98 Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Thc ShrimpS of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions with a Summary of the West Indian Shallow-water Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1972 ABSTRACT Chace, Fenner A., Jr. The Shrimps of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedi­ tions, with a Summary of the West Indian Shallow-water Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 98, 179 pages, 61 figures, 1972.—The collections made by the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions to the Lesser Antilles and Virgin Islands in 1956, 1958, and 1959 and to Yucatan in 1960 contain 111 species of penaeidean, caridean, and stenopodidean shrimps, in­ cluding 20 previously undescribed species. Diagnostic keys are offered to assist in the identification of the 170 shallow-water marine and fresh-water shrimps now known from the West Indian islands, as well as 48 species from adjoining geographic and bathymetric areas. References, type-localities, and distribution records are given for each of the 218 species treated, and habitat preferences are indicated for the species represented in the Smithsonian-Bredin collections. It is postulated that there is no endemic marine natantian fauna in the West Indies and that there are no na­ tural barriers, except the local absence of suitable habitats, to the free distribution of most of the species in the region between the Florida Keys and Brazil; only 6 of the 70 marine species recorded from the Yucatan area have not yet been found at any of the islands in the West Indies. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVEKNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Wasliington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2 (paper cover) Contents Page Introduction 1 The Expeditions 1 Current Knowledge of the Fauna 1 Purpose and Scope of This Report 1 Zoogeography of the Marine Species 3 Acknowledgments 5 Key to West Indian Shallow-water Families of Natantian Decapods 5 Section Penaeidea 6 Family PENAEIDAE 6 Key to West Indian Shallow-water Genera 6 Subfamily PENAEINAE 7 Genus Metapenaeopsis 7 Key to Western Atlantic Species 7 1. M. gerardoi 7 2. M. goodei 7 3. M. hobbsi 7 4. M. martinella 7 5. M. smithi 8 Genus Penaeus 8 Key to Adults of West Indian Species 8 Subgenus Melicertus 8 6. P. (M.) aztecus subtilis 8 7. P. (M.) brasiliensis 9 8. P. (M.) duorarum notialis 9 Subgenus Litopenaeus 9 9. P. (L.) schmitti 9 Genus Trachypenaeus 9 Key to Atlantic Species 9 10. T. constrictus 9 11. T. similis 9 Genus Trachypeneopsis 10 12. T. mobilispinis 10 Genus Xiphopenaeus 10 13. X. kroyeri 10 Subfamily SICYONlINAE 10 Genus Sicyonia 10 Key to Western Atlantic Species 10 14. S. brevirostris 1J 15. S. dorsalis 1. 16. S. laevigata 1' 17. S. parri 1 ^ 18. S. stimpsoni 11 19. S. typica 11 20. 5". wheeleri l: Family SERGESTIDAE 12 Key to Genera Occurring in Atlantic Coastal Waters 12 Subfamily SERGESTINAE 12 Genus Acetes 12 21. A. americanus 12 Subfamily LUCIFERINAE 12 Genus Lucifer 12 Key to Atlantic Species 12 III IV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 22. L. faxoni 12 23. L. typus 13 Section Caridea 13 Family ATYIDAE 13 Key to West Indian Genera 13 Genus A tya 14 Key to Eastern American Species 14 24. A. innocous 14 25. A. lanipes 14 26. A. scabra 14 Genus Jonga 14 27. /. serrei 14 Genus Micratya 14 28. M. poeyi 14 Genus Potimirim 14 Key to West Indian Species 14 29. P. americana 15 30. P. glabra 15 31. P. mexicana 15 Genus Typhlatya 15 Key to Species 15 32. T. garciai 15 33. T. monae 15 34. T. pearsei ^..... 15 Genus Xiphocaris 16 35. X. elongata 16 Family PASIPHAEIDAE 16 Genus Leptochela 16 Key to Atlantic Species 16 36. L. bermudensis 16 37. L. carinata 16 38. L. serratorbita 16 Family DISCIADIDAE 16 Genus Discias 16 Key to Atlantic Species 16 39. D. atlanticus 17 40. D. serratirostris 17 Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE 17 Genus Rhynchocinetes 17 41. R. rigens 17 Family PALAEMONIDAE 17 Key to West Indian Genera 17 Subfamily PALAEMONINAE 18 Genus Brachycarpus 18 Key to Species 18 42. B. biunguiculatus 18 43. B. holthuisi 18 Genus Leander 19 44. L. tenuicornis 19 Genus Macrobrachium 19 Key to West Indian Species 19 45. M. acanthurus 20 46. M. carcinus 20 47. M. crenulatum 20 48. M. faustinum 20 49. M. heterochirus 20 50. M. jelskii 20 Genus Palaemon 21 Key to West Indian Species 21 Subgenus Palaeander 21 NUMBER 9 8 51. P. (P.) northropi 21 Subgenus Palaemon 21 52. P. (P.) pandaliformis 21 Genus Palaemonetes 21 Subgenus Palaemonetes 21 Key to Caribbean Species 21 53. P. (P.) carteri 21 54. P. (P.) intermedius 22 55. P. (P.) octaviae 22 Genus Troglocubanus 24 Key to Species 24 56. T. calcis 24 57. T. eigenmanni 24 58. T. gibarensis 24 59. T. inermis 24 60. T. jamaicensis 24 Subfamily PONTONIINAE 24 Genus Anchistioides 24 61. A. antiguensis 24 Genus Coutierea 25 62. C. agassizi 25 Genus Lipkebe 25 63. L. holthuisi 25 Genus Neopontonides 25 64. A'', beaufortensis 25 Genus Periclimenaeus 25 Key to Western Atlantic Species 25 65. P. ascidiarum 26 66. P. atlanticus 26 67. P. bermudensis 26 68. P. bredini 26 69. P. caraibicus 28 70. P. maxillulidens 28 71. P. pearsei 29 72. P. perlatus 29 73. P. schmitti 29 74. P. wilsoni 29 Genus Periclimenes 29 Key to Western Atlantic Species 29 75. P. americanus 31 76. P. anthophilus 32 77. P. bowmani 32 78. P. crinoidalis 35 79. P. finlayi 35 80. P. harringtoni 37 81. P. iridescens 37 82. P. longicaudatus 37 83. P. magnus 37 84. P. meyeri 37 85. P. paivai 38 86. P. pandionis 38 87. P. pauper 38 88. P. pedersoni 38 89. P. perryae 38 90. P. rathbunae 38 91. P. tenellus 38 92. P. yucatanicus 38 Genus Pontonia 39 Key to Western Atlantic Species 39 VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 93. P. domestica 39 94. P. margarita 39 95. P. mexicana 39 96. P. miserabilis 40 97. P. quasipusilla 41 98. P. unidens 43 Genus Pseudocoutierea 43 99. P. antillensis 43 Genus Tuleariocaris 46 100. T. neglecta 46 Genus Typton 46 Key to Western Atlantic Species 46 101. T. carneus 46 102. T. distinctus 49 103. T. gnathophylloides 52 104. T. prionurus 52 105. T. tortugae 52 106. T. vulcanus 52 Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE 52 Key to Atlantic Genera 52 Genus Gnathophylloides 52 107. G. mineri 52 Genus Gnathophyllum 53 Key to Western Atlantic Species » 53 108. G. americanum 53 109. G. circellum 53 110. G. modestum 53 111. G. splendens 53 Family ALPHEIDAE 53 Key to Western Atlantic Genera 53 Genus Alpheopsis 54 Key to Western Atlantic Species 54- 112. A. labis 55 113. A. trigonus 56 Genus Alpheus 57 Key to Western Atlantic Species ^7 114. A. amhlyonyx 59 115. A. armatus 62 116. A. armillatus 62 117. A. bahamensis 63 118. A. barbadensis 63 119. A. beanii 63 120. A. belli 63 121. A. bouvieri 63 122. A. candei 64 123. A. cristulifrons 64 124. A. cylindricus 65 125. A. floridanus 65 126. A. formosus 67 127. A. heterochaelis 67 128. A. intrinsecus 68 129. A. malleator 68 130. A. normanni 68 131. A. nuttingi 68 132. A. paracrinitus 69 133. A. peasei 69 134. A. ridleyi 69 135. A. schmitti 70 136. A. simus 73 137. A. viridari 73 NUMBER 9 8 VII Genus Automate 73 Key to Western Atlantic Species 73 138. A. evermanni 74 139. A. gardineri 74 140. A. rectifrons 75 Genus Leptalpheus 77 141. L. forceps 77 Genus Metalpheus 77 142. M. rostratipes 78 Genus Neoalpheopsis 78 143. A'', hummelincki 78 Genus Salmoneus 78 Key to Western Atlantic Species 78 144. S. arubae 79 145. S. ortmanni 79 Genus Synalpheus 79 Key to Western Atlantic Species 79 146. S. anasimus 82 147. S. androsi 86 148. S. apioceros 86 149. S. barahonensis 86 150. S. bousfieldi 86 151. S. brevifrons 89 152. S.