TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 COVER STORY 16 Weighing the Options Is Industry Bias Toward INSIDE this issue JUNE 2018 22 DEPARTMENTS Groundwater –The Relentless Enemy A look at the realm of groundwater control methods currently in use. 4 By Paul C. Schmall and Gary E. Taylor Publisher’s Message By Jim Rush 28 On the Cutting Edge 6 A conversion about cutting tools with Herrenknecht’s David Krauter. Business Briefs om acr 32 and around the world. World Tunnel Congress 2018 A recap of ITA’s annual event, recently held in Dubai. 49 36 Business Cards A Rosetta Stone How to improve communication between the geotechnical engineer and 49 project manager. Ad Index By Geoffrey Potgieter and Omer Yeni 49 40 Calendar Tunnel Update A recap of projects underwa TBM: Tunnel Business Magazine (ISSN 1553-2917) is published six times per year. Copyright 2018, Benjamin Media Inc., 10050 Brecksville Road, Brecksville, OH 44141. USA All rights reserved. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted by any means without written permission from the publisher. One year subscription rates: complimentary in the United States and Canada, and $99 in other foreign countries. Single copy rate: $20. Subscriptions and classified advertising should be addressed to the Brecksville office. POSTMASTER: send Changes of Address to TBM: Tunnel Business Magazine, 10050 Brecksville Road, Brecksville, OH 44141 USA. Canadian Subscriptions: Canada Post Agreement Number 40830553. Send change of address information and blocks of undeliverable copies to: KML Logistics Group Inc., 118 Herald Ave., Oakville, ON L6L 1S2 Canada TUNNELINGONLINE.COM TBM: TUNNEL BUSINESS MAGAZINE // JUNE 2018 4 PUBLISHER’S MESSAGE Blasts from the Past As I noted in this space in February, 2018 October 2013 – “Underground Scene.” This article fea- marks our 20th anniversary here at un- tured the massive amount of tunneling work under- . Since anniversaries are taken by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commis- naturally an occasion for reflection, I thought I sion Water System Improvement Program. The main would take the time to take a look back at some tunneling components of the program included the of my more memorable cover stories from the last 20 years. ington Tunnel, Bay T stal Springs Bypass. The $4.6 billion program was needed to update or replace systems of the drinking water built in the 1920s and 30s March 1999 – “Robbins Changes Direction.” This cover and susceptible to earthquake damage. featured Lok Home, who had just three years earlier purchased The Robbins Company (headquartered in June 2017 – “Breakthrough in Seattle.” In April 2017, Solon, Ohio, conveniently located just a few miles from eached our-then offices in Peninsula, Ohio). Interviewing Lok eople – in the industry and outside and learning about the great legacy of The Robbins of the industry – are familiar with the travails of the Company, including founder James Robbins and industry icon Dick record-setting 57.5-ft diameter machine. The successful Robbins, was a great introduction to the marketplace. completion of the tunnel was an important milestone in proving the viability of tunneling generally and large diameter tun- April 2003 – “Boston’s Big Dig.” Still one of the most neling specifically to an engaged public. amazing infrastructure projects completed to date, the Big Dig was the focal point of the industry for Help Us Help You many years. Beginning with the award of the Ted In order to publish , both in print and on the web, we need Williams Tunnel contract in 1991, major construction to be able to reach our audience. We periodically ask readers to was the norm for more than a decade. 2003 marked update their contact information so that we can ensure we are significant milestones toward the project’s completion, including reaching the right people at the right place. Even if your position the opening of I-93’s northb ch and the south- and address haven’t changed, it is important that we are able to bound tunnel in December. confirm your information on an annual basis. It only takes a few minutes to update your information. As incentive, we will select a April 2012 ” This article highlighted the random winner from anyone who updates their information be- mega projects that were simultaneously being con- fore June 30. The lucky winner will receive a Yeti 45 cooler ($300 structe A. The projects includ- value)! See the ad on page 40 for details. ed the Second Avenue Subway, East Side Acc 7 Line Extension. These projects represented the first major underground works in the city’s transportation system in half a century. While work continues on the East Side Ac- c Extension (opened 2015) and Second Avenue Subway-Phase 1 (2017) are in service. Jim Rush EDITOR/PUBLISHER PUBLISHER/EDITOR PRODUCTION + FULFILLMENT James W. Rush Production Manager: Chris Slogar [email protected] [email protected] CONTRIBUTING STAFF EDITORS Graphic Designer: Deborah R. McManus Sharon M. Bueno [email protected] Chief Executive Officer: Bernard P. Krzys Brad Kramer [email protected] Andrew Farr Director of Web and Audience President: Robert Krzys Mike Kezdi Development: Mark Gorman [email protected] [email protected] SALES + MARKETING Controller: Marianne Saykes [email protected] Director of Marketing: Kelly Dadich Audience Development/Sustainability [email protected] Coordinator: Cayla Poteete 10050 Brecksville Rd. [email protected] Brecksville, OH 44141 USA Regional Sales Representative: Todd Miller Ph: 330.467.7588 - Fax: 330.468.2289 [email protected] EDITORIAL COUNCIL www.tunnelingonline.com Gary Brierley, P.E - Dr. Mole Inc. e-mail: [email protected] Event Sales Manager: Brittany Cline Randy Essex, P.E. - Mott MacDonald [email protected] Dr. Levent Ozdemir, P.E. - Ozdemir Engineering Inc. William W. Edgerton - McMillen Jacobs Associates Reprint Information: Joe Gildner - Sound Transit Wright’s Media Paul Roy - AECOM Ph: 877.652.5295 - Fax: 916.983.6762 David Caiden - Arup TBM: TUNNEL BUSINESS MAGAZINE // JUNE 2018 TUNNELINGONLINE.COM 6 BUSINESS BRIEFS Robbins TBM Uncovers Spectacular Cavern at Galerie des Janots We have good production and it’s a good machine for hard rock. But sometimes it’s not hard rock that we encounter,” said Dhiersat. The weak rock and clay conditions necessitated ground support including resin-anchored bolts and rings in bad ground, topped with a 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in.) thick layer of shotcrete. Despite five months of poor ground conditions, Eiffage is optimistic that conditions will improve and the tunnel will be complete in the next four to five months. Galerie des Janots is one of the 14 oper- ations designed to save water and protect resources, which are being carried out by eille-Provence metropolis, the wa diterranean Corsica, and the State Government. The future Janots gallery will replace existing The Robbins TBM encountered an unexpected cavern measuring 8,000 cubic pipelines currently located in a railway meters (283,000 cubic ft) in size. tunnel—these original pipes have signifi- cant deficiencies with estimated water Contractor Eiffage Civil Engineering is more unknown caverns. We have a geo- losses of 500,000 cubic meters (132 mil- operating the machine, which launched te stem on the machine, lion gallons) per year. in 2017 for the Galerie des Janots project and are conducting probe drilling, shot- The completed tunnel will pass under in La Ciotat, France. The cavern, studded creting, and maintenance in a separate Le Par tional des Calanques, with with stalactites and stalagmites and mea- shift,” said Dhiersa stem, cover between 15 and 180 m (50 to 600 suring 8,000 cubic meters (283,000 cubic standing for Bore-tunneling Electrical ft), in order to replace the pipes that are ft) in size, was grazed on the tunneling ound predic- currently being utilized for the water operation’s left side. The crew named the tion technique using focused electricity- supply networks. “The current pipes have cavern “gr esimple” after their induced polarization to detect anomalies a capacity of transit limited to 330 liters site geologist. (87 gallons) per second, which is largely “We hit the corner of it. To cross it, we The crew encountered difficult ground insufficient in the summer period. The had to erect a 4-m (13-ft) high wall of con- conditions early on in the bore, consist- objective of the operation is to secure the crete s ve something ing of limestone with powdery clays. lines and increase capacity to 440 liters to grip against,” explaine c Dhiersat, “When the machine is boring it does well. (116 gallons) per second,” said Dhiersat. Project Director of Galerie des Janots for Eiffage. A small door allowed access in- side the cavity, which formed naturally The 3.5 m (11.5 ft) Robbins Main Beam TBM is boring a 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long at a point 60 m (200 ft) below the surface. tunnel for the Galerie des Janots project in La Ciotat, France. d up and was able to successfully navigate out of the cavern in eight strokes without significant down- time to the operation. “This is certainly unusual, to come across a cavern of this size and signifi- cance. It is somewhat related to the geol- ogy, with karstic and volcanic formations having the most potential for under- ground cavities,” said Detlef Jordan, Rob- ope. Karst cavities were a known risk during the bore, but the cavern was not shown in vertical borehole reports conducted from the sur- face along the alignment. A further 1.8 km (1.1 mi) will need to be tunneled before the 2.8 km (1.7 mi) tunnel is complete. “It is possible there could be TBM: TUNNEL BUSINESS MAGAZINE // JUNE 2018 TUNNELINGONLINE.COM BUSINESS BRIEFS Virginia Announces Shortlisted Teams for Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel Expansion Project Three private-sector teams will be invited to submit technical proposals and prices to design and construct the I-64 Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel Expansion.