THE PRESUMptION of Innocence and the MedIa coverage of criminal cases This report presents a collection of articles on the disclosure of information on pending criminal proceedings and the media coverage of criminal cases in the context of the presumption of innocence of suspects and accused persons. It was developed within the framework of the project ARISA 2: Assessing the Risk of Isolation of Suspects and Accused: The Role of the Media, funded by the European Union’s Justice Programme (2014-2020). This report was funded by the European Union’s Justice Programme (2014- 2020). The content of this manual represents the views of the authors only and is their sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ISBN: 978-954-477-411-0 Pictures: Canva Center for the Study of Democracy, 2021 www.csd.bg TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION AND MEDIA COVERAGE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS .....................................................................................................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................................................................................................9 CONFIDENTIALITY AND PUBLICITY OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ..........................................................................................................................11 EXCEPTIONS TO DISCLOSURE RULES ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 RULES GOVERNING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CRIMINAL JUSTICE AUTHORITIES AND MEDIA .........................................19 MEDIA COVERAGE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ...................................................................................................................................................................21 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION AND MEDIA COVERAGE OF CRIMINAL CASES IN PRACTICE .....................................................26 CONCLUSION: GAPS AND CHALLENGES .........................................................................................................................................................................................27 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 the presumption of innocence and the protection of the right TO privacY of suspects AND accused ................................................................................................................................................... 30 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AND MEDIA COVERAGE ................................................................................................................................................32 MEDIA COVERAGE AND THE RigHT TO PRIVACY ................................................................................................................................................................34 DISCLOSURE OF PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION .....................................................................................................................................41 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44 cages, boxes, handcuffs: the coercion of defendants IN italian AND european courts .....................................................................................................................................................................46 media coverage of criminal cases IN THE case law of THE european court of HUMAN rigHTS .................................................................................................................................57 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................57 THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION ARTICLE 6(2) OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RigHTS ...............................60 THE RELATIONSHIP WITH ARTICLE 10 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RigHTS ............................................62 OVERVIEW OF THE CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RigHTS ....................................................................................64 ADVERSE PRESS CAMPAigNS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 EXAMPLES OF VIOLATION AND NON-VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6(2) ..................................................................................................................74 THE role of THE media IN THE investigation AND prosecution of terrorist offences .....................................................................................................................................75 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................75 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 76 RICHARD JEWELL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................80 BRANDON MAYFIELD ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................84 THE BOSTON BOMBING ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................89 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................91 freedom of speecH AND media coverage of glorification of terrorism cases .................................................................................................................................................93 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................93 THE CONTROVERSIAL CRIME OF GLORIFYING TERRORISM .......................................................................................................................................95 AN EXPLORATION OF GLORIFICATION OF TERRORISM MEDIA COVERAGE ..............................................................................................100 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................107 publicitY ETHics IN HigH-profile cases ....................................................................................................................................... 110 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 110 MAIN CONCEPTS ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................112