7.2.3 QUICK CHECK Describe the importance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to the daily lives of Muslims. THE QUR'AN AND THE SUNNAH 7.2.4 MUSLIM EXPANSION (SPREAD OF ISLAM) The Spread of If you were the leader of a group or nation Islam and were trying to expand into new Student sort territories, what would be your strategy? Early Muslim Dynasties united the Arabian Peninsula through military force (jihad) and peaceful treaties (agreements). The common Arabic language helped in spreading the ideas of Islam. Busy trade through the Arabian Peninsula helped Islamic teachings to reach far off places Maintaining Once you had conquered or joined with a new Power group or territory, what would be some things you would do to make sure you would not lose Post it Wall that land and keep the people from rebelling? Common currency (Muslim coins) made doing business easy throughout all Muslim territory Religious tolerance kept peace within territory, Muslims did not force conquered lands to convert to Islam, especially People of the Book. Muslim leaders maintained armies in garrison towns to make sure lands were not lost. Clear code of law; Shari'ah 7.2.4 EXPLAIN HOW ISLAM EXPANDED, SPREAD ITS RELIGIOUS IDEAS, AND SUCCESSFULLY MAINTAINED CONTROL OF NEW TERRITORIES. DO NOW! 7.2.4 Rank the means by which the Rank the means by which Islam Muslim Empire maintained spread in order from most control from most important important to least important to least important Military Force Common Law Code Peaceful treaties Standing Military Trade Common Currency Arabic Language Religious Tolerance Explain your reasoning. Explain your reasoning. Human Spectrum Use pg. 89 1. Shade in bodies of water 2. Label: Makkah, Jerusalem, Europe Asia Damascus, Tours, Spain, Arabian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea Egypt, and P e r s Persia i a n G u India lf Re India d Se a Arabian Sea Africa Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Muslim lands at Muhammad's death Territory added by the four caliphs (633-661) Territory added by the Umayyad Dynasty (662-750) 7.2.4 Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire Use pg. 89 1. Shade in bodies of water 2. Label: Makkah, Jerusalem, Europe Asia Damascus, Tours, Spain, Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and Mediterranean Sea P e r Persia s ia n G u India lf Re India d Se a Arabian Sea Africa Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Muslim lands at Muhammad's death Territory added by the four caliphs (633-661) Territory added by the Umayyad Dynasty (662-750) 7.2.4 Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire Use pgs. 89-90 1. What lands had Muhammad united by the time of his death? What helped him to spread gain these lands? 2. What territories were added by the four caliphs? Why did their reign of rule end? *Explain the Shi'a/Sunni schism (split)* 3. What was the farthest extend of Umayyad rule? What modern day countries did they gain land in? What stopped their expansion? Use pgs. 89-90 1. What lands had Muhammad united by the time of his death? By the time he died, Muhammad had United the western half of Arabia surrounding Makkah and Madinah What helped him to spread gain these lands? Muhammad was left no choice but to battle Makkans to take control of the city, his teachings and message of peace united others 2. What territories were added by the four caliphs? The remainder of Arabia, lands surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq, Persia, and Egypt Why did their reign of rule end? *Explain the Shi'a/Sunni schism (split)* When caliph Ali was murdered, a member of the Umayyad clan seized control. Shi'a Muslims were only loyal to a leader related to Muhammad through Ali, while Sunni Muslims accepted the new Umayyad dynasty. 3. What was the farthest extend of Umayyad rule? Muslims expanded as far as Spain to the north and the borders of India in the east. What stopped their expansion? Muslims were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Tours MUHAMMAD ABU BAKR UMAR UTHMAN UMAYYAD ALI SHI'A SUNNl Muslim Dynasties line of rulers from same family By 750 CE, the Muslim Empire had spread throughout Arabia, across Northern Africa, and into southern Europe (Spain) The political unity of the Muslim Empire soon dissolved and various dynasties (lines of leaders) arose throughout their territories: Abassids (leaders descended from Abbas, one of Muhammad's uncles) wrested power from the Umayyads in 750 CE and led from Baghdad Umayyads fled and began a new caliphate (government) in Cordoba, Spain. Fatimids (leaders descended from Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter) led from Cairo, Egypt. New Muslim Empires By 1453 the Ottoman Turks (Sunni Muslims) had conquered Constantinople, bringing the Byzantine Empire to an end. The Safavid Empire (Shi'a Muslims) stopped the eastern expansion of the Ottomans brought Muslim rule to Persia for over 200 years. The Mughal "Mongol" Empire ruled India from 1526 until after 1700 Use pg. 89 1. Shade in bodies of water 2. Label: Makkah, Jerusalem, Europe Asia Damascus, Tours, Spain, Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and Mediterranean Sea P e r Persia s ia n G u India lf Re India d Se a Arabian Sea Africa Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Muslim lands at Muhammad's death Territory added by the four caliphs (633-661) Territory added by the Umayyad Dynasty (662-750) 7.2.4 Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire HOW DID THE SHl'A /SUNN I SPLIT AFFECT MUSLIM POLITICAL UNITY?.