INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust WWW.CASIRJ.COM www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 PARTY STRUCTURE IN KARNATAKA LEGISLATURE: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Nagaratna N Kuradekar Reseracher, Department of Political Science Karnatak University, Dharwad and Assistnt Professor. Department of Political Science S.S.S.First Grade College, Naragund Introduction After India’s independence there were attempts to reorganize various provinces into different states. The idea behind it was none other than federalism. Hence the government took this a serious issue and restructured in on linguistic plane. The state of Karnataka came into existence on 1st November 1956 and later it was named as Karnataka on 1st November 1973. Even though Hinduism is a major religion of this land, people belonging to other religious beliefs like Jainism, Christianity, Buddists, Muslims all live in harmony. Kannada is the official language here. 2. Objectives To know the party structure in Karnataka To understand the working of each of parties in karnataka 3. Method Observation and analysis methods have beem 4 Scope The present paper deals with party political system in karnataka In state politics party plays its pivotal role in governance. It is pertinent to note that the interests of people should be gathered and for that the nature and agenda of the party has its place. The following is a birds eye view of the recognized political parties politics in karantaka in 1952 to 1972 Table 1: the recognized political parties politics in karantaka in 1952 to 1972 Sl parties 1952 1956 1957 1962 1967 1972 1 Congress I 74 150 138 129 165 2 P.S.P 18 20 19 24 3 Communist party 02 03 02 04 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 311 CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 4 Others 38 37 09 00 5 independence -- 09 16 01 6 samajwadi 01 -- 01 06 03 7 Janasangh 04 00 8 independent 11 34 20 9 Janata Party 01 10 Others 00 Total 99 208 208 219 216 There were totally 99 constituencies in Mysore state in 1956. Out of them national Congress won 74 places and came to power with S.R.Knthi as Chief Minister In the following year four elections also congress took majority even though the total constituencies increased from 99, 208, 208, 219 and 216 in the successive years like 1957,1962, 1967 and 1972. Even though the recognized paties like Congress I, P.S.P, Communist party, Independence, Samajwadi, Janasangh, Independent Janata Party,and Others contested from time to time only the national party i.e. congress party took the power during all theses years. However there were changes in leadership in the First Assembly K. C. Reddy, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Kadidal Manjappa, S. Nijalingappa Were Chief Ministers Second Assembly S. Nijalingappa, B.D. Jatti Were Chief Ministers Third Assembly S.R. Kanthi, S. Nijalingappa Were Chief Ministers Fourth Assembly S. Nijalingappa, Veerendra Patil Were Chief Ministers Fifth Assembly D. Devaraj Urs Was Chief Ministers Table 2: Party positions in Karnataka elections from 1978 to 1989 Sl No Party 1978 1983 1985 1989 1. Indira congress 149 95 66 176 2. Janata party 59 82 139 02 3. Congress(o) 02 4. CPI 03 03 02 5. MES 05 03 6. CPI (m) 01 01 04 7. Muslim Legue 01 01 8. Others 04 22 11 12 9. AIADMK ----- 01 10. BJP --- 18 02 04 11. ICS --- ---- ------ ---- 12. Lok Dal --- --- ----- ---- 13. Republican --- ---- ------- ---- party of India 14. Janata Dal --- ------ 24 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 312 CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 15. Kisan majdoor ---- ------ 02 party / Raight sangh 16. SCF Total 224 224 224 224 Even though the recognized paties like Indira congress, Janata party, Congress(o), CPI, MES, CPI (m), Muslim Legue, Others, AIADMK, BJP, ICS, Lok Dal, Republican party of India , Janata Dal, Kisan majdoor party /Raight sangh, SCF, contested from time to time if sixth assembly was in the hands of the national party i.e. congressI party took the power seventh and eighth assemblies saw the leaers of Janata Party. People chose the opposition party and gave power to congress in the ninth assembly In the Sixth Assembly D. Devaraj Urs, R. Gundu Rao Were Chief Ministers In the Seventh Assembly Ramakrishna Hegde Were Chief Ministers In the Eighth Assembly Ramakrishna Hegde, S. R. Bommai Were Chief Ministers In the Ninth Assembly Veerendra Patil, S.Bangarappa, M. Veerappa Moily Were Chief Ministers Table 3 The details of recognized parties from Election commissioni Recongnised Recongnised year total national parties regional parties 1952 14 59 73 1957 4 19 23 1962 8 14 22 1967 8 16 24 1971 7 17 24 1977 7 19 26 1980 6 27 33 1984 7 27 34 1991 9 40 49 1997 7 36 43 2000 5 45 5 2004 6 45 51 2006 6 44 50 2010 6 52 58 The above numbers show the multi party system where there is a tough competeition and only the party that promises good governance takes the power International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 313 CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 Table 4 : Results of Karnataka Vidhan Sabha Elections from 1994 to 2013 parties 1994 1999 2004 2008 2013 1. JD(U) 115 19 05 00 00 2. JD(S) -- 09 58 28 40 3. BJP 40 44 79 110 40 4. Cong 34 132 65 80 122 5. KCP 10 -- -- -- -- 6. Rait Sangh 01 -- -- -- -- 7. BSP 01 -- 00 -- -- 8. CPI(M) 01 -- 01 -- -- 9. INL 01 --- -- -- -- 10. AIADMK 01 01 0 -- -- 11. Kannada 01 -- -- -- -- Vatal party 12. BRP 01 -- -- -- -- 13. Others 0 19 -- -- -- 14. independent 18 -- -- 06 09 15. Cpi --- 00 -- -- 16. AIFB -- -- 00 -- -- 17. AITC -- -- 00 -- -- 18. CPT(ML) -- -- 00 -- -- 19. MUL -- -- 00 -- -- 20. JP -- -- 01 -- -- 21. KCVP -- -- 00 -- -- 22. KNDP -- -- 00 -- -- 23. KRRS -- -- 00 -- -- 24. LJNSP -- -- 00 -- -- 25. MP -- -- 00 -- -- 26. PPI -- -- 01 -- -- 27. PPOI -- -- 00 -- -- 28. RPI -- -- 00 -- -- 29. RPI(A) -- -- 00 -- -- 30. SPSP -- -- 00 -- -- 31. USP -- -- 00 -- -- 32. USYP -- -- 00 --- -- 33. IND -- -- 13 -- -- 34. BSR cong -- -- -- -- 04 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 314 CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 35. KJP -- -- -- -- 06 36. KCP -- -- -- -- 01 37. SKP -- -- -- -- 01 Total 224 224 224 224 224 The above table interprets the existence of various political parties in the elections and their contest in the elction process. There were 37 national and regioual parties in the contest. The paprty politics has taken a chess turn as then assempby took JD (S) as ruling party, Eleventh gave power to congress, twelfth was a hung legislature and hence there were three types of governments Though thirteenth assembly was in the hands of BJP, the internal conflicts made 03 persons to adore the position of chief. On the other hand people decided in the fourteenth assembly to give power to a big national party and hence chose congress with Siddaramaiah[1] as Chief Minister In the Tenth Assembly H.D. Deve Gowda, J. H. Patel were Chief Ministers, In the Eleventh Assembly S. M. Krishna was Chief Minister In The Twelfth Assembly Dharam Singh, H. D. Kumaraswamy, B. S. Yeddyurappa were Chief Ministers In the Thirteenth Assembly B. S. Yeddyurappa, D.V. Sadananda Gowda, Jagadish Shettar were Chief Ministers In the Fourteenth Assembly Siddaramaiah[1] Is Chief Ministers Conclusion: The major political parties are organized at the local (usually county), state, and national levels. Party leaders and activists are involved in choosing people to run for office, managing and financing campaigns, and developing positions and policies that appeal to party constituents. The national party organizations play key roles in presidential elections. Political parties prepare for statewide elections. Party activists are named as electors in the Electoral College if their party carries the state in a presidential election. Candidates for state office may be chosen through a primary election, state convention, or caucus process. References 1. Source: ShivLal, Elections under the Janata Rule, The Electionnn Archives, New Delhi, 1978, P. 12. 2. 10 S.R. Honnalingaiah, A Handbook of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazettee Department, Bangalore, 2001, P. 60 3. Keesing’s Contemporary Archives, Vol. 31, 1985, P. 33 & 67. 4. S.R. Honnalingaiah, A Handbook of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazetteer Department, Bangalore, 2001, P. 61 5. S.R. Honnalingaiah, A Handbook of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazettee Department, Bangalore, 2001, P. 62. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 315 CASIRJ Volume 8 Issue 11 [Year - 2017] ISSN 2319 – 9202 6. Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislativ Assembly of Karnataka Election, Retrieved on 2016-12-01 7. Dr. S. S. Patagundi, Party System in Karnataka’ Karnataka Government and Politics, Editors - Harish Ramaswamy, S.S 8. Patagundi, S.H. Patil Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2007, P. 254. http://www.indian-elections.com / assembly-electio010101ns/result- karn00ata... 9. Source : Election Commission of India, Statistical Report on General Election 2008 to Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, P. 1 10. Esource: Election Commission of 06 India - Statical Report on General Election 2013 to Testic Assembly of Karnataka P. 11-13. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 316 .. Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.SPHERT.org भारतीय भाषा, शिऺा, साहह配य एवं िोध ISSN 2321 – 9726 WWW.BHARTIYASHODH.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ISSN – 2250 – 1959 (0) 2348 – 9367 (P) WWW.IRJMST.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 WWW.CASIRJ.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SOCIOLOGY & HUMANITIES ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0) 2348 - 9359 (P) WWW.IRJMSH.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 2454-3195 (online) WWW.RJSET.COM INTEGRATED RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SCIENCE AND INNOVATION ISSN 2582-5445 WWW.IRJMSI.COM .