This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Mozart Family and Empfindsamkeit Enlightenment and Sensibility in Salzburg 1750–1790 Toepelmann, Viktor Yuen-Liang Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 The Mozart Family and Empfindsamkeit Enlightenment and Sensibility in Salzburg 1750–1790 Viktor Yün-liang Töpelmann PhD in Musicology King’s College London, 2016 Abstract The overarching theme of the present dissertation is the documentation of the cultural and intellectual environment of the Mozart family in Salzburg from 1750 until 1790. A particular focus lies on the cultural transfer between the Protestant North and the Catholic South of the German-speaking lands. Enlightenment and Empfindsamkeit as a social and aesthetic ideal are traditionally associated with the northern parts of Germany, yet a new evaluation of sources and documents in Salzburg demonstrates the currency of these ideas in the archbishopric. The dissertation assembles a wide range of information regarding the erudition and interests of Salzburg citizens in general and more specifically of friends and acquaintances in the direct environment of the Mozart family, demonstrating their active participation in a cultural modernity at large. Detailed accounts on the book and sheet music trade in the archbishopric demonstrate the ubiquity of the newest cultural products from North Germany, France and England. At the centre of this dissertation stands a reconstruction of the Mozarts’ Salzburg library and their literary knowledge, which displays their wide interests and their participation in the vibrant cultural life of their hometown. The currency of and the high value attached to Empfindsamkeit within Salzburg culture is demonstrated in locally printed educational books, portrait collections, a ‘hill of friendship’ in Aigen near Salzburg, the theatre repertoire and the books and music for sale in town. It is hoped that this vibrant cultural life, as documented in the present dissertation, will help to challenge several traditional concepts in historiography and Mozart biography about Enlightenment and modernity in Salzburg. 2 Contents ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... 2 CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 9 ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 10 LIBRARY SIGLA .................................................................................................................... 12 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 1 ENLIGHTENMENT IN SALZBURG .................................................... 21 1.1 ERUDITION AND INTERESTS OF SALZBURG CITIZENS ..................................................... 26 1.1.1 The high nobility ............................................................................................................... 26 1.1.2 Ferdinand Christoph von Waldburg-Zeil and his library .......................................... 31 1.1.3 Benedictine friars at the Erzabtei St. Peter .................................................................... 38 1.1.4 Members of the lower nobility in Salzburg ................................................................... 42 1.1.5 Joachim Ferdinand von Schidenhofen ........................................................................... 46 1.2 THE BOOK TRADE IN SALZBURG ...................................................................................... 50 1.2.1 The sales catalogues of the Mayr’sche Buchhandlung in Salzburg ............................... 51 1.2.2 The itinerant book traders at the Salzburg fairs ........................................................... 55 CHAPTER 2 LEOPOLD MOZART AND ENLIGHTENMENT ............................... 58 2.1 LEOPOLD MOZART AND HIS INTELLECTUAL ENVIRONMENT IN SALZBURG ................ 61 2.1.1 Leopold Mozart at university .......................................................................................... 61 2.1.2 Leopold Mozart and the high nobility in Salzburg ...................................................... 64 2.1.3 The Mozarts and Benedictine friars at the Erzabtei St. Peter ..................................... 69 2.1.4 Intellectual and artistic interests among the friends of the Mozart family .............. 70 2.1.5 Johann Andreas Schachtner ............................................................................................ 72 2.1.6 The musician colleagues at court .................................................................................... 74 2.2 LEOPOLD MOZART’S INTERESTS ...................................................................................... 77 2.2.1 History and historical knowledge .................................................................................. 78 2.2.2 Historical monuments ...................................................................................................... 81 2.2.3 Politics ................................................................................................................................. 85 2.2.4 Languages .......................................................................................................................... 88 2.2.5 Visual arts ........................................................................................................................... 90 2.2.6 Natural Sciences and technology .................................................................................... 99 2.3 LEOPOLD MOZART’S VIOLINSCHULE AND ENLIGHTENMENT ..................................... 103 3 CHAPTER 3 THE MOZARTS’ SALZBURG LIBRARY AND THEIR LITERARY KNOWLEDGE ............................................................................................................ 113 3.1 MUSIC BOOKS ................................................................................................................. 115 3.1.1 Music books owned by the Mozarts ............................................................................ 115 3.1.2 Music books known to the Mozarts ............................................................................. 121 3.2 EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE .......................................................................................... 127 3.3 TRAVEL LITERATURE ...................................................................................................... 131 3.4 BOOKS ON HISTORY AND POLITICS ................................................................................ 139 3.5 FOREIGN DICTIONARIES AND GERMAN LANGUAGE BOOKS ........................................ 142 3.6 DRAMAS AND LIBRETTOS ............................................................................................... 147 3.7 NOVELS AND POETRY ..................................................................................................... 150 3.8 RELIGIOUS BOOKS ........................................................................................................... 159 3.9 MISCELLANEOUS ............................................................................................................ 162 CHAPTER 4 EMPFINDSAMKEIT IN SALZBURG .................................................. 165 4.1 EDUCATING EMPFINDSAMKEIT IN SALZBURG .............................................................. 169 4.2 SALZBURG AND THE ‘CULT OF FRIENDSHIP’ ................................................................. 173 4.2.1 Collecting portraits and silhouettes in eighteenth-century Salzburg ...................... 175 4.2.2 The ‘hill of friendship’ at the garden in Aigen ........................................................... 177 4.3