CHAPTER 13 • SECTION 2 Juan Seguín (wahn seh•GEEN) led a band of 25 Tejanos in support of revolt. Also among the Texas volunteers were free African Americans, but the Texas army hardly existed. There were two small RESEARCH & forces ready to stand up to Santa Anna’s army. One Go online to explore WRITINGmore of the CENTER heated was a company of 420 men, led by James Fannin, debate at ClassZone.com stationed at Goliad, a fort in southeast Texas. The History Makers second was a company of about 180 volunteers at the Alamo. Headed by James Bowie and William Juan Seguín Travis, this small force also included such famous Find links to biographies of Juan Seguín frontiersmen as Davy Crockett. at the Research and Writing Center @ On February 23, 1836, Santa Anna’s troops ClassZone.com. An active military leader surrounded San Antonio. The next day, Mexicans for Texas during the Revolution, Seguín began their siege of the Alamo. Two nights later, led the only Tejano unit at the Battle of Travis scrawled a message to the world: “The enemy San Jacinto and commanded the army that has demanded surrender. I have answered . with a cannon shot. I shall never surrender or accepted Mexico’s surrender at San Antonio. retreat.” Juan Seguín, a Tejano, spoke Spanish, so He was elected to the Texas Senate, where he was chosen to carry the declaration through he fought to have the laws of the new enemy lines. Seguín got the message through to Republic of Texas written in Spanish. Seguín other Texas defenders. But when he returned, he was elected mayor of San Antonio, but was saw the Alamo in flames. driven from the city in 1842, fled to Mexico, History Makers The Alamo’s defenders held off the Mexican and was forced to serve in the Mexican attack for 12 violent days. On the 13th day, Santa military. Juan Seguín 1806–1890 Anna ordered over 1,800 men to storm the for- tress. The Texans met the attackers with a hailstorm Years after his death, Seguín’s remains were Juan Seguín was a Tejano who wanted Texas to of cannon and gun fire until the Texans ran out of returned to Texas, and on July 4, 1976, he remain independent and not become part of the ammunition. At day’s end, all but seven Texans received a ceremonial burial in Seguin, the United States. He was a hero of the Battle of the were dead and more than 1,000 Mexicans had town named in his honor. Alamo. Seguín was elected to the Texas Senate fallen. The Battle of the Alamo was over. in 1838 and was mayor of San Antonio twice. The survivors were executed. A total of 183 CRITICAL THINKING ANSWER However, Seguín was often betrayed and harassed Alamo defenders died. Only a few women and Compare Many Americans in Texas by American newcomers who mistrusted Tejanos. children were spared. Hundreds of Mexicans also Finally he was forced to move to Mexico in 1842. In wanted to break away from Mexico and perished. The slaughter shocked Texans—and 1846–1848, Seguín fought against Americans in the showed them how hard they would have to fight join the United States. Seguín wanted War with Mexico. Texas to remain an independent nation. for their freedom from Mexico. Victory at San Jacinto With Santa Anna on the Unit 5 Resource Book CRITICAL THINKING Compare In what attack, Texans—both soldiers and settlers—fled ways did the goals of Seguín and the Americans in • America’s History Makers, pp. 95–96 eastward. Houston sent a message to the troops Texas differ? at Goliad, ordering them to retreat. They were captured by Mexican forces, who executed more ONLINE For more on Juan Seguín, go to the than 300. But even in retreat and defeat, Houston’s CONNECT to the Essential Question BIOGRAPHY Research & Writing Center @ ClassZone.com army doubled. Now it was a fighting force of 800 angry men. It included Tejanos, American settlers, How did westward expansion and many free and enslaved African Americans. transform the nation? Ask students what they have learned in 430 Chapter 13 this section that can help them answer this question. Students might mention: • American colonists in Texas were DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES unwilling to adapt to Mexican laws and customs. OBJECTIVE Prepare a news report on the Battle of the Alamo. • Texans felt justified in revolting against Mexico and seeking to join Basic On Level Challenge the United States. Have students work in pairs Have students work in pairs Have students work in pairs or small groups to create a or small groups to write a or small groups to present an fact sheet about the Alamo. script for an interview with in-depth “TV” news report The fact sheet should include one or more “eyewitnesses” on the Battle of the Alamo. information on the Alamo at the Battle of the Alamo. Before presenting, students itself, such as the date it was Have students choose roles should determine roles, write built and its dimensions, (interviewer or eyewitness), and practice their scripts, as well as important facts practice their scripts, and and create any necessary about the battle. Students present their interviews to props. should then present their the class. fact sheets to the class. 430 • Chapter 13 1836 In late April 1836, Houston and Seguín surprised Texas Revolution Re CHAPTER 13 • SECTION 2 d R Santa Anna near the San Jacinto (san juh•SIN•toh) B . Boundary ra z claimed o Sab River. The Texans advanced screaming “Remember by Mexico s ine R R. the Alamo!” and “Remember Goliad!” . N e c REPUBLIC h Colo e In just 18 minutes, the Texans killed more than ra OF TEXAS s Land disputed d R Texas Revolution 1836 half of the Mexican army. Santa Anna had to sign by Texas o . and Mexico R a treaty giving Texas its freedom. With the Battle of . Alamo, Austin San Jacinto, Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836 ton Connect Geography History San Jacinto, Texas was an independent nation. Hous Apr. 21, 1836 Siege of Bexar, N Dec. 5-8, 1835 na Galveston Republic of Texas In December 1836, Texans a ta An nn San MAKE INFERENCES Ask students how W A Brazoria E a Goliad, raised the official flag of the independent nation t rrea n B Mar. 27, 1836 U Matagorda the location of battles might have affected S a o S u Refugio, of Texas, nicknamed the Lone Star Republic. Sam R n N d . i a ue R Mar. 12-15, 1836 Gulf of the outcome of the war. (The Texans likely o ry ces Houston was elected president. G Mexico c Corpus r l a had an advantage because they were a Christi i n m Many Texans wanted to be part of the United a d e e Texan forces e d MEXICO r familiar with the terrain.) States. In 1836 the Texas government asked by r Te U Mexican forces xas Congress to annex, or join, Texas to the Union. Texan victory ANSWERS 075150 miles Some Northerners objected. Some feared that Mexican victory Texas would allow slavery and upset the balance 0 75 150 kilometers 1. Place The Rio Grande marked the between free and slave states. Some opposed any southern border, the Nueces River part of Connect Geography History expansion of slavery. Others feared that annexing the northern border. Texas would lead to war with Mexico. In response 1. Place What geographic features marked the boundaries of the disputed territory? 2. Clarify Texas and Mexico’s boundaries Congress voted against annexation. 2. Clarify What does the map show as a major were still under dispute. SEQUENCE EVENTS Describe the events that led disagreement left unresolved by the war? to Texas’s independence from Mexico. Answer: Santa Anna jailed Austin; Mexicans storm the Alamo; Americans win at San Jacinto; Texans declare Republic of Texas. 4 Assess & Reteach ONLINE QUIZ 2 Section Assessment For test practice, go to Assess Have students complete the Section Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com Assessment. TERMS & NAMES KEY IDEAS 1. Explain the importance of 3. How and why did Texas attract American settlers? Unit 5 Resource Book • Stephen F. Austin • Juan Seguín 4. How did the Mexican government respond to the • Section Quiz, p. 110 Texas rebellion? • Tejanos • Battle of the Alamo Interactive Review • Sam Houston • Lone Star Republic CRITICAL THINKING @ ClassZone.com • Antonio López de Santa Anna 5. Analyze Motives Why do you think Stephen F. USING YOUR READING NOTES Austin thought it necessary to demand proof of Power Presentations 2. Sequence Complete the diagram you started settlers’ high morals for his colony? at the beginning of this section. Then expand the 6. Recognize Effects How did losing the Battle Test Generator diagram for each of the other important events in of the Alamo serve as a turning point for Texas this section. independence? Reteach Have students write a paragraph, 7. Connect Economics & History Why was Texas a explaining one event from the section and giving Americans magnet for land speculators and investors? begin to settle Event 2 its date. Then have students stand in a line and in Texas 8. Writing Speech Write a one-page persuasive arrange themselves in chronological order of speech from Stephen F. Austin to the Mexican government asking for permission to form a colony their events. Next, have each student read his or Event 3 Texan in Texas. her paragraph aloud, in order. Independence Unit 5 Resource Book • Reteaching Activity, p. 114 Manifest Destiny 431 SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS Terms & Names Critical Thinking 1.