Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology Etudes on Iurids, V. Further Revision of Iurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), with a Description of a New Genus and Two New Species Michael E. Soleglad , Victor Fet, František Kovařík & Ersen Aydın Yağmur August 2012 – No. 143 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located on Website ‘http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/euscorpius/’ at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 4th Edition, 1999) does not accept online texts as published work (Article 9.8); however, it accepts CD-ROM publications (Article 8). Euscorpius is produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293). Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius are considered published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. All Euscorpius publications are distributed on a CD-ROM medium to the following museums/libraries: • ZR, Zoological Record, York, UK • LC, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, USA • USNM, United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, DC, USA • AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA • CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA • FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA • MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA • MNHN, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France • NMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria • BMNH, British Museum of Natural History, London, England, UK • MZUC, Museo Zoologico “La Specola” dell’Universita de Firenze, Florence, Italy • ZISP, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia • WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia • NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway • OUMNH, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK • NEV, Library Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands Publication date: 22 August 2012 Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2012, No. 143 Etudes on iurids, V. Further revision of Iurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), with a description of a new genus and two new species 1 2 3 4 Michael E. Soleglad , Victor Fet , František Kovařík & Ersen Aydın Yağmur 1 P.O. Box 250, Borrego Springs, California 92004, USA; email: [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA; email: [email protected] 3 P.O. Box 27, CZ-145 01 Praha 45, Czech Republic; email: [email protected]; website: www.kovarex.com/scorpio 4 Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, Ege University, TR-35100, İzmir, Turkey; email: [email protected] Summary Iurus populations from the Aegean area are studied, including the Greek islands of Crete, Karpathos, Kythira, Rhodes, and Samos. A new genus, Protoiurus gen. nov., and two new species, Protoiurus rhodiensis sp. nov. and P. stathiae sp. nov., are described. The two genera, Iurus and Protoiurus, are diagnosed by their hemispermatophore structure; a cladistic analysis based on this structure is presented. Genus Iurus Thorell, 1876 includes three species: I. dekanum, I. dufoureius, and I. kinzelbachi; genus Protoiurus includes five species: P. asiaticus comb. nov., P. kadleci comb. nov., P. kraepelini comb. nov., P. rhodiensis sp. nov., and P. stathiae sp. nov. The type specimen of Chaerilomma dekanum Roewer, 1943 has been studied and determined to be a valid species Iurus dekanum (Roewer, 1943) representing the population from Crete. New diagnoses for subfamilies Calchinae (genus Calchas) and Iurinae (genera Iurus and Protoiurus) are provided as well as keys to the species of Iurus and Protoiurus. Introduction species into two genera, Iurus and Protoiurus gen. nov. The generic breakdown is based on the structure of the hemispermatophore where over 40 individual structures This study is a continuation of our recent Iurus were examined across all species. In most cases multiple revision (Kovařík et al., 2010) where over 300 speci- specimens from multiple geographic locations were used mens were examined culminating in the description of in this analysis. Cladistic analysis of the hemisper- two new species, resurrection of one species from matophore structure was conducted and its results are synonymy, and the description of neotypes for two compared to those of a pilot DNA study by Parmakelis existing species; in total, five species were established in et al. (2006). It is shown that the two independent Iurus. In this offering, over 90 additional specimens of analyses endorse the establishment of the two genera Iurus were examined, primarily from the Greek islands defined herein. in the Aegean Sea, in particular, the islands of Crete, New diagnoses of the iurid subfamilies Calchinae Karpathos, Kythira, Rhodes, and Samos. Based on this and Iurinae are provided as well as detailed phylogenetic continued work, three additional species were identified, keys to the two genera and eight species of Iurinae. In each isolated on Rhodes, Karpathos, and Crete. The type addition to the detailed cladistic analysis, we provide specimen of Chaerilomma dekanum Roewer, 1943 was new data on the chelal movable finger lobe development studied and determined to be a valid species representing now based on over 270 samples. This is discussed under the population from Crete, Iurus dekanum (Roewer, the individual new species descriptions as well as sum- 1943). marized in Appendix B. Detailed descriptions and Based on this study, we were able to finally ascer- illustrations of two new species, Protoiurus rhodiensis tain the overall phylogenetic framework of the genus sp. nov., and Protoiurus stathiae sp. nov., as well as Iurus and consequently were able to divide its eight Iurus dekanum, are provided. 2 Euscorpius — 2012, No. 143 List and distribution of species and hypothesized homologies are those described and illustrated in Vachon (1974). Techniques using maxi- Iurus dekanum (Roewer, 1943), stat. nov. (Greece, mized morphometric ratios follow those described in Fet Crete) & Soleglad (2002: 5), and further established in Soleglad Iurus dufoureius (Brullé, 1832) (Greece, Peloponnese, & Fet (2008: 57–69) and Kovařík et al. (2010: appendix Kythira Island) C). Iurus kinzelbachi Kovařík, Fet, Soleglad & Yağmur, 2010 (Turkey, Aydın and Izmir Provinces; Greece, Cladistic analysis and map generation software Samos Island) packages Protoiurus asiaticus (Birula, 1903), comb. nov. (Turkey, Adana, Adıyaman, Kahramanmaraş, Mer- Software package PAUP* Version 4 (Beta) sin, and Niğde Provinces) (Swofford, 1998) was used for Maximum Parsimony Protoiurus kadleci (Kovařík, Fet, Soleglad & Yağmur, (MP) analysis of character codings producing results of 2010), comb. nov. (Turkey, Antalya, and Mersin tree searches, consensus trees, and bootstrap and jack- Provinces) knife resampling sequences. TreeView (Win 32) Version Protoiurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922), comb. nov. 1.5.2 (Page, 1998) and Winclada Version 0.9.3 (Nixon, (Turkey, Antalya, Isparta, Konya, Karaman, Mer- 1999) were used, in part, to generate the resulting sin, and Muğla Provinces; Greece, Megisti Island) PAUP* cladograms showing clade support and dis- Protoiurus rhodiensis Soleglad, Fet, Kovařík & tribution of all characters and their states as augmented Yağmur, sp. nov. (Greece, Rhodes Island) with the Metafile Companion editor, Version 1.11 Protoiurus stathiae Soleglad, Fet, Kovařík & Yağmur, (Companion Software, Inc.). Maps were generated from sp. nov. (Greece, Karpathos Island) Earth Explorer 6.1, with positional and altitude data compiled through Google Maps. Methods and Material Material Examined Abbreviations We examined a total of 91 specimens of Iurus (28 specimens) and Protoiurus (63 specimens), primarily The four-letter institutional abbreviations listed from the Aegean area. The type series data are presented below and used throughout are after Arnett et al. (1993), here, and repeated under the three species descriptions. or introduced here to accommodate other collections: We also reexamined additional material from Kovařík et FKCP, personal collection of František Kovařík, Prague, al. (2010) which are not included in the list below. Czech Republic; MRSN, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Turin, Italy; MTAS, Museum of the Iurus dekanum (Roewer, 1943) [19 specimens] Turkish Society of Arachnology, Ankara, Turkey; Greece: Crete: 1 ♂ (holotype), “Dekan: Anamalai” NHMC, Natural History