DariuSI Bryka/a, Piotr G~bica, Piatr Gierszewski discharge velocity and increased intensity of ern Poland. Qualern. St. ill Poland. Special Landform Analysis, Vol. 4: 8:3-97 (2003) erosIve proccsses. Issue: 253-261. Graham, W.• 1998: Channel and Valley Change~ Resulting from Dam Failure. CADAM Proceed­ Acknowledgements ings. Munich Meelillg 8-9 Ocrober /998. (On­ Iine) http://www.hewallingford.co.uk/proj ects! The authors wish to acknowledge their grat­ CADAM/. itude for help with [heir field studies and for Jarrett, R.D. & Costa, J.E., 1986: Hydrology. Holocene shoreline migrations in the Puck Lagoon allowing the use oftheir maLerials to Mr Leopold geomorphology, and dam·break modcling of Ai-gin (Wojew6dzki Inspektor Nadzoru Budow­ the July 15, 1982 Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade (Southern Baltic Sea) based on the Rzucewo Headland case study lanego w Olsztynie) and to Mr Edward Drymuch Lake Dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado. (Urz<td Miasta w G6rowie lIaweckim). V. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1369: 78 pp. Szymon Uscinowicz Grazyna Miotk-Szpiganowicz Kondracki, J., 1972: Polska pOIIlOCflo-wsc!lodnia. References PWN. Warszawa: 272 pp. POIlstll'OWY IIISlytlll Geologiczlly PQ1lstwowy IIIstyiUl Geologicztly Kubrak, J. & Ordyniec, Z.. 1999: Parametry fali Oddzial Geologii Morzo Oddzia/ Geologii Morza Baker, Y.R. & Nummedal, D., 1978: The CJW1I­ spi~trl.enia w dolinie Warty powstatej po hipo­ Ill. Km,:cierska 5. 80-328 Gdwisk Ill. Koscierska 5, 80-328 Gdansk ne/ed Scab/and. A Guide to the Geomorphol­ letycznym uszkodzeniu zapory czotowej zbior­ e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ogy of the Columbia Basin, Washington, pre­ nika Jcziorsko. In: Eksploaracja i oddzialywa­ pared for the Comparative Planetary Geology nie dllzyclr zbiornikolV IIizillnyclr (IIa przykla~ Field Conference held in the Columbia Basin, dzie zbiornika lI'odnego Jeziorsko). KOllf Ab)'Irllct: The results of tbe study indicate: that the Rzucewo Headland arcI - a landform located on June 5-8, 1978: 186 pp. Nauk.-Tech.. Ulliejow. 20-21 maja /999, Wyd. the western coast of the"Puck Lagoon - has been dc\'c:Ioping under the IcrreslTial conditions until the LA end of the Atlantic period. The headland is constructed from sands and silts with organic beds. The Bellos, C. & Hrissanthou, Y., 1998: Numerical Akad. Roln. w Poznaniu: 67-77. -- end of the Atlantic period saw the appearance of the first poUtn grains of plants which indicate human simulation of sediment transport following a McKee, E.D., Crosby, EJ. & Berryhill. H.L., JR., - activity (CIr~nopodiact!at!, .-'lrremisia. Rumt'.(, PllJnlago lanct!ofala). The sediment age and Ihe then sea dam break. Water Resollrces Ma1lageme1l1 12 1967: Flood deposits, Bijou Creek, Colorado. level of Ihe Baltic Sea indieale thal human aetlvily has been laking place before the development of (6): 397-407. June 1965. J. Sedim. Petrol. 37: 829-851. seal hunter's selllement. I.e. the Rzueewo Culture Chen, Y.H. & Simons, D.8., 1979: An Experi­ Pierson, T.c. & Costa, J.E., 1987: Archeologic A transformation of the freshwater lake mto the brackish/marine Puck Lagoon started not earlier Ihan 5500-5000 years BP. In the Subborcal period. eliffs OD slopes of the Puck Morainic Uplands Slarted mental Srudy of Hydraulic and Geomorphic c1assificalion ofsubaerial sediment-waler flows. to develop and the accumulation of sands in tbe Rzueewo Headland began. The pollen grains of the Changes in an Alluvial Channel Induced by In: J.E. Costa & G.F. Wieczorck (Eds.) Debris plaots relating to human aetivilY (Clrenopodioceoe. Ar/emisio. Rumu. Plan/ago /anceofala) are more Failure ofa Dam. Waler Resources Research 15 flows/avalallches. processes. recogllilioll, alld numerous in the polten spectrum. The occurrence of the plants and the approach of the Puek Lagoon (5): 1183-1188. miligalioll. Geological Society of Amcrica Re­ shores to Rzuccwo coincided with the development of the Rzucewo Culture (seal hunters) c. 4400-3700 Costa, J.E., 1988a: Floods from dam failures.i,,: views in Engineering Geology 7: 1-12. years BP. In the last 4000 years or so, average growth of the Rzueewo Headland was c. lOO ml/year. [n lhe period 1958 -1997, a land growth of up to 50-80 m (on average t-2 m/year) was noted on the V.R. Baker, R.C. Kochel & c.P. Patton (Eds.) Scoll, K.M. & Gravlcc, G.c., 1968: Flood Surge northern part of lhe Headland. Flood Geomurphology. John \Viley & Sons, on the Rubicon River, Califomia - Hydrology, The analysis of the geological and palynologieal data from the Rzueewo Headland indicales that its New York: 439-463. Hydraulics, and Bouldcr Transport. U. S. Geo­ development has taken place under conditions of a long.drawn-out transgression. No evidence indic­ Costa, J. E., 1988b: Rheologic, geomorphic, and logical Survey Professional Paper 422-M: 40 pp. alive of either a phased transgression or a periodical regression was found. A good compatibility of sedimentologic differentiation of waler noods, Singh, V.P. & Quiroga, A.C., 1988: Dimension­ the relative sea level curve of the Puck Lagoon with Ihe curves of the eustatie changcs of tbe ocean byperconcentrated flows, and debris nows. 111: less analytical solutions for dam-break erosion. indicates only a small range of vertical movements of the Earth's Crust in this area during the Sub­ bor",.. 1 and Subatlanlie periods. V.R. Baker, R.C. Kocbel & c.P. Patton (Eds.) J. Hydraulics Res. 26 (2): 179-197. Flood Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons, Tcisseyre, A.K., 1988: Recent overbank deposits Kt'y "'ords: SOUlhcrn Baltic. ruck Lagoon. Rzucewo Headland. palynology. radiocarbon dating. sea levc:l New York: 113-122. of the Sudctic valleys, SW Poland. Part Ill: changes, eoaSlal proc.esses Dynowska, I., 1972: Typy reiim6w rzecznyeh SubaeriaJly and subaqueously deposited over­ w Polsce. Zeszyty Nallkowe VJ, Prace Geo­ bank sedimcnts in the light of field experiment grajiczlle 2&: 155 pp. (1977-1979). Geal. Sudelica 2J (2): 1-52. Froehlich, D.C_, 1995: Peak outflow from Walder, J.S. & O'Connor, J.E., 1997: Methods Introduction the southern and south-western area of the Baltic breached embankment dam. Journal of Water for predicling peak discharge of noods caused Sea in the Middle and Latc Holocene (includ­ Resources Plallning and Managemem, ASCE by failure of natural and constructed earthen The Puck Lagoon (also callcd Litlle or Inner ing relatively new reccnt infonnation) are nOI 121 (I): 9(}-97. dams. Water Resources Research 33 (10): Puck Bay) and its coast have becn subjecl of the explicit and tbey are very often contradictory. Gltbica, P. & Sokolowski, T., 1999: Catastrophic 2337-2348. geological, geomorphological and paleogeo­ Thc published curves of the relative sea level gcomorphic processes and sedimentation in the Zwoliitski, Z., 1992: Sedimento!ogy and geomor­ graphical studies for many years (Pawlowski, changes sometimes show oscillations of sca Vistula valley bctween the Dunajec and phology of overbank flows of meandering riv­ 1922; Rosa, 1963; Musielak, 1983; Jankowska lcvcl of several meters in only short periods. Wisloka mouths during the 1997 flood, South- er Ooodplains. Geomorphology 4: 367-379. & L((czyilSki, 1993; Witkowski & Witak, 1993; Occasionally, such changes as have been iden­ Kramarska et al., 1995, ctc.). However therc is tified have been altribllted to different periods little dctailed information on the Lagoon's age, and those changes allocatcd into short time sea level changes and the development of the periods are sometimes of different in directions coast. Thc dala relating to sea level change in (e.g. Lampe, 1996; Lampe & Janke, 2000; ROl- 82 '" 83 Szymon Uscinowicz, Graiyna Miotk-Szpiganowicz Ho/ocene shoreline migrations in the Puck Lagoon... nicki, 1999; Tobolski, 1989. 1997; Wojciechow­ was found on the Rzucewo Headland (Geody­ Uplands. which are generally built from two till ski, 1990). nomic Map ...• 1997). However, to date, published layers which are often separated by sands. rise to The information on a shoreline displacement information on the genesis and geological struc­ c. 5-15 m abovc sea level and. on three sections PUCK LAGOON in the Puck Lagoon is particularly important 10 ture of the Rzucewo Headland is both limited and of a total length of c. 5 km, fonn an active cliff both paleogeographic studies and thc interpreta­ contradictory. Musielak (1983) regarded thc (Geodynamic Map ..., 1997). The Rzucewo Head­ tion of studies of the archaeological sites located Rzucewo Headland as an abrasive platfoml cov­ land is situated at the foothills of the Puck on the shores and bottom of the Lagoon. One of ered with medium- and coarse-grained sands, in Morainic Upland and it separates the two sections B the marc controversial issues is whether or not places with pebbles and boulders. By contrast, of the cliffcd coastline (Fig. 1). On its north­ there was a rapid sea Icvel rise of c. 1-1.5 m Jankowska and L~czynski (1993) state that the eastern, the Puck Lagoon is separaled from the approximately 1000 years ago (Tomczak. 1995), Rzucewo Headland is built from sandy forma­ open sea by the Hel Peninsula, which is approx­ the potential effect of which would have been the tions and its genesis and stability arc yet to be imately 150 to 300 m wide. Here the Lagoon's destruction of the early mediaeval harbour in elaborated. shores are fonned by numerous stonn overflow Puck (Zbierski. 1986) and the creation of an ero­ The paper describes the geological structure cones. sion platform along the Lagoon's shores (Tom­ and age of the Rzucewo Headland together with The total area of the Puck Lagoon is 102.69 D 2 czak, 1995). a reconstruction of its flora and environment as km • Its average depth is 3.13 m and its maximum Since 1984, an area of the Rzucewo Headland well as the processes of the sediment deposition depth, 9.4 m; approximately 30% of the Lagoon L.-.!.DO.