NASA/TM–2010–215854 GSFC Heliophysics Science Division 2009 Science Highlights Holly R. Gilbert, Keith T. Strong, Julia L.R. Saba, and Yvonne M. Strong, Editors December 2009 Front Cover Caption: Heliophysics image highlights from 2009. For details of these images, see the key on Page v. The NASA STI Program Offi ce … in Profi le Since its founding, NASA has been ded i cated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected ad vancement of aeronautics and space science. The pa pers from scientifi c and technical conferences, NASA Sci en tifi c and Technical Information (STI) symposia, sem i nars, or other meetings spon sored Pro gram Offi ce plays a key part in helping NASA or co spon sored by NASA. maintain this impor tant role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. 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NASAʼs counterpart of peer-re viewed formal • E-mail your question via the Internet to pro fes sion al papers but has less stringent limi ta - [email protected] tions on manuscript length and extent of graphic pre sen ta tions. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help Desk at (443) 757-5803 • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientifi c and techni cal fi ndings that are prelim i nary or of • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at (443) spe cialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, 757-5802 working papers, and bib li og ra phies that contain • Write to: minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive NASA Access Help Desk analysis. NASA Center for AeroSpace In for ma tion • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientifi c and techni- 7115 Standard Drive cal fi ndings by NASA-sponsored con tractors and Hanover, MD 21076 grantees. NASA/TM–2010–215854 GSFC Heliophysics Science Division 2009 Science Highlights Holly R. Gilbert NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland Keith T. Strong and Julia L.R. Saba SP Systems, Inc., Greenbelt, Maryland Yvonne M. Strong American Society for Microbiology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 December 2009 Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 GSFC Heliophysics Science Division 2009 Science Highlights Table of Contents FRONT COVER KEY .................................................................................................... v FOREWORD ................................................................................................................. vi PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 The Sun ....................................................................................................................... 1 The Inner Heliosphere................................................................................................. 3 Geospace ..................................................................................................................... 3 The Outer Heliosphere ................................................................................................ 5 THE HSD ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................ 6 FACILITIES ................................................................................................................... 8 2009 SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS ................................................................................. 9 IBEX Discovers Bright Ribbon of ENA Emission ..................................................... 9 Stereo Views of the Ring Current from TWINS ...................................................... 11 Cluster Spacecraft Discover How Solar Wind Turbulence Dissipates ..................... 12 STEREO and SOHO Monitor Extended Solar Minimum ........................................ 13 HSD HONORS AND AWARDS ................................................................................. 14 HSD PROJECT LEADERSHIP ................................................................................... 17 DEVELOPING FUTURE HELIOPHYSICS MISSION CONCEPTS ........................ 19 HELIOPHYSICS EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH .................................. 21 Advanced Student Research Programs ..................................................................... 22 K-12 E/PO Programs ................................................................................................ 22 Elementary / Secondary Education ........................................................................... 23 Informal Education ................................................................................................... 23 Public Outreach ......................................................................................................... 24 Public Affairs ............................................................................................................ 24 The E/PO Team......................................................................................................... 26 International Heliophysical Year (IHY) ................................................................... 27 SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS ...................................................................... 28 COMMUNITY COORDINATED MODELING CENTER ......................................... 31 Science Support ........................................................................................................ 32 Space Weather Modeling .......................................................................................... 33 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................. 35 HSD LINE OF BUSINESS .......................................................................................... 37 FY09 LOB Internal Research and Development Priorities ...................................... 37 FY09 LOB Internal Research and Development Achievements .............................. 37 APPENDIX 1: INDIVIDUAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ......................................... 38 APPENDIX 2: HSD PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ........................... 142 Journal Articles ....................................................................................................... 142 Submitted / In Press ................................................................................................ 172 Presentations ........................................................................................................... 181 APPENDIX 3: OPERATIONAL HSD MISSIONS ................................................... 204 Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) .................................................................. 204 Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) .................... 205 Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) ........................................................... 207 iii GSFC Heliophysics Science Division 2009 Science Highlights Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms............... 208 Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) ............................................... 209 Hinode ..................................................................................................................... 210 Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) ............................................... 211 Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) ................................ 212 Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) .... 213 Cluster ..................................................................................................................... 214 Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) ...................... 215 Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE) .............................................. 216 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) ...............................................................