Original Research Peer reviewed Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from pigs in the United States and Canada, 2011 to 2015 Michael T. Sweeney, MS; Cynthia Lindeman, BS; Lacie Johansen, BS; Lisa Mullins, BS; Robert Murray, MS; Michael K. Senn, DVM, MS; Donald Bade, BS; Chandra Machin, BS; Susan F. Kotarski, PhD; Raksha Tiwari, DVM, PhD; Jeffrey L. Watts, PhD Summary following methods and susceptibility break- and S suis (0% to 1.3%). No susceptibility of Objective: To report the susceptibility to points approved by the Clinical and Labora- B bronchiseptica to ampicillin (0%) and low veterinary antimicrobial agents of Actinoba- tory Standards Institute. rates of susceptibility to florfenicol (5.4% to 23.5%) were also observed. cillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multo- Results: Actinobacillu pleuropneumoniae cida, Streptococcus suis, and Bordetella bron- isolates were 100% susceptible to ceftiofur Implications: Under the conditions of this chiseptica isolated from pigs in the United and florfenicol, andP multocida isolates were study, high rates of susceptibility to most States and Canada from 2011 to 2015. 100% susceptible to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, veterinary antimicrobial agents continue to Materials and methods: In vitro broth mi- and florfenicol. High rates of susceptibility be seen for A pleuropneumoniae, P multocida, crodilution susceptibility testing for minimal (90% to > 99% susceptible) were observed S suis, and B bronchiseptica, the predominant inhibitory concentration values were per- for A pleuropneumoniae to enrofloxacin and pathogens associated with swine respiratory formed using 10 antimicrobial agents (am- tulathromycin, for P multocida to ampicillin, disease in the United States and Canada. penicillin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin, for picillin, ceftiofur, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, Keywords: swine, surveillance, antimicro- S suis to ampicillin, ceftiofur, and florfenicol, florfenicol, penicillin, tetracycline, tilmicosin, bial susceptibility, respiratory disease trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tulathro- and for B bronchiseptica to tulathromycin. mycin) with Actinobacillu pleuropneumoniae Tetracycline exhibited low susceptibility rates Received: September 13, 2016 (n = 312), P multocida (n = 855), S suis against A pleuropneumoniae (0% to 6% sus- Accepted: November 22, 2016 (n = 1201), and B bronchiseptica (n = 572) ceptibility), P multocida (22.3% to 35.3%), Resumen - Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron pruebas aprobados por el Instituto de Estándares Clíni- del Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, la de susceptibilidad in vitro de microdilución en cos y de Laboratorio. Pasteurella multocida, el Streptococcus suis, caldo para encontrar valores de concentración Resultados: Los aislamientos del y la Bordetella bronchiseptica aislados de inhibitorios mínimos utilizando 10 agentes A pleuro- cerdos en los Estados Unidos y Canadá, antimicrobianos (ampicilina, ceftiofur, pneumoniae fueron 100% susceptibles al ceft- 2011 a 2015 danofloxacina, enrofloxacina, florfenicol, iofur y al florfenicol, y los aislados delP mul - penicilina, tetraciclina, tilmicosina, trime- tocida fueron 100% susceptibles al ceftiofur, Objetivo: Reportar la susceptibilidad contra toprim-sulfametoxazol, y tulatromcina) con enrofloxacina, y al florfenicol. Se observaron agentes antimicrobianos veterinarios del altos índices de susceptibilidad (90% a > 99% Ac- A pleuropneumoniae (n = 312), P multocida , la susceptibles) del a la enro- tinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pasteurella (n = 855), S suis (n = 1201), y B bronchi- A pleuropneumoniae , el , y la floxacina y la tulatromicina, de la multocida Streptococcus suis Bordetella septica (n = 572) siguiendo los métodos y los P multocida bronchiseptica aislados de cerdos en los Esta- puntos de rompimiento de la susceptibilidad a la ampicilina, la penicilina, la tilmicosina, y la dos Unidos y Canadá del 2011 al 2015. tulatromicina, del S suis a la ampicilina, el ceft- iofur, y el florfenicol, y de laB bronchiseptica a MTS, CL, LJ, LM, RM, SFK, RT, JLW: Zoetis, Kalamazoo, Michigan. la tulatromicina. La tetraciclina exhibió índices bajos de susceptibilidad contra el A pleuro- MKS: Zoetis, Newton, Kansas. pneumoniae (0% a 6% de susceptibilidad), la DB, CM: Microbial Research, Inc, Fort Collins, Colorado. P multocida (22.3% a 35.3%), y el S suis (0% a 1.3%). No hubo susceptibilidad de la B Corresponding author: Michael T. Sweeney, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, a la ampicilina (0%) y además se [email protected] bronchiseptica 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007; Tel: 269-359-9533; E-mail: . observaron índices bajos de susceptibilidad al This article is available online at http://www.aasv.org/shap.html. florfenicol (5.4% a 23.5%). Sweeney MT, Lindeman C, Johansen L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus Implicaciones: Bajo las condiciones de este pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from estudio, continúan observándose índices altos pigs in the United States and Canada, 2011 to 2015. J Swine Health Prod. 2017;25(3):106–120. 106 Journal of Swine Health and Production — May and June 2017 de susceptibilidad a la mayoría de los agentes Matériels et méthodes: Les valeurs de l’enrofloxacine et la tulathromycine, pourP antimicrobianos veterinarios contra el A pleu- concentration minimale inhibitrice furent multocida envers l’ampicilline, la pénicilline, ropneumoniae, la P multocida, el S suis, y la déterminées in vitro par la méthode de le tilmicosin et la tulathromycine, pour S suis B bronchiseptica, los patógenos predominantes microdilution en bouillon pour 10 agents envers l’ampicilline, le ceftiofur et le florféni- asociados con las enfermedades respiratorias antimicrobiens (ampicilline, ceftiofur, dano- col, et pour B bronchiseptica envers la tulath- porcinas en los Estados Unidos y Canadá. floxacine, enrofloxacine, florfénicol, pénicil- romycine. La tétracycline présentait des taux line, tétracycline, tilmicosin, trimethoprime- faibles de sensibilité contre A pleuropneu- (0% à 6%), (22,3% à Résumé - Sensibilité antimicrobienne sulfamethoxazole, et tulathromycine) pour moniae P multocida A pleuropneumoniae (n = 312), P multocida 35,3%), et S suis (0% à 1,3%). Aucune sensi- d’isolats porcins d’Actinobacillus pleuro- bilité de envers l’ampicilline (n = 855), S suis (n = 1201) et B bronchisep- B bronchiseptica pneumoniae, de Pasteurella multocida, de (0%) et de faibles taux de sensibilité envers le tica (n = 572) en suivant les directives et les Streptococcus suis et de Bordetella bron- florfénicol (5,4% à 23,5%) furent également valeurs seuils de sensibilité approuvées par le chiseptica provenant des États-Unis et du observés. Canada, 2011 à 2015 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Implications: Dans les conditions de la Résultats: Les isolats d Objectif: Faire rapport de la sensibilité à des ’A pleuropneumoniae présente étude, de hauts taux de sensibilité étaient sensibles à 100% au ceftiofur et au antimicrobiens vétérinaires d’isolats porcins à la plupart des agents antimicrobiens vé- florfénicol, et les isolats deP multocida sen- , de térinaires continuent d’être observés pour d’Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pas- sibles à 100% au ceftiofur, à l’enrofloxacine teurella multocida, de Streptococcus suis, et A pleuropneumoniae, P multocida, S suis, et et au florfénicol. Des taux élevés de sen- , les principaux agents patho- de Bordetella bronchiseptica provenant des B bronchiseptica sibilité (90% à > 99% de sensibilité) ont gènes associés avec les maladies respiratoires États-Unis et du Canada de 2011 à 2015. été notés pour A pleuropneumoniae envers porcines aux États-Unis et au Canada. ntimicrobial agents are important and Canada over a 10-year period (2001 prevent the over-representation of bacterial for the humane and efficient pro- to 2010) and concluded that most isolates clones from one region. duction of swine and other food showed high rates of susceptibility to all an- Bacterial isolates were identified to the spe- Aanimals in order to meet the challenges of a timicrobial agents tested except tetracycline. cies level by each participating laboratory sustainable food supply for a growing world Continuing this surveillance program, we before shipment to a central laboratory for population.1 According to the National Ani- report herein the percentages of A pleuro- susceptibility testing. Any further identifica- mal Health Monitoring System, swine re- pneumoniae, P multocida, S suis, and B bron- tion or characterization of bacterial species spiratory disease (SRD) is a prevalent cause chiseptica pathogens isolated from swine in were performed at Zoetis (Kalamazoo, of nursery pig and grower-finisher deaths in the United States and Canada from 2011 to Michigan) using standard biochemical tests, swine in which multiple infectious agents are 2015 that were susceptible to the veterinary commercially available identification systems often involved.2 Primary pathogens for SRD antimicrobial agents ampicillin, ceftiofur, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, (such as API Microbial Identification Kits, include Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Acti- penicillin, tetracycline, tilmicosin, trime- bioMerieux, Durham, North Carolina; and nobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Bordetella thoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), Biolog Microbial Identification Systems, bronchiseptica,