Prepared in cooperation with MoWR and MoAWR under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense, Task Force for Business and Stability Operations Stream Gage Descriptions and Streamflow Statistics for Sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq Data Series 540 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Topographic map of the Republic of Iraq. 3D rendering and image composing. Image from iStockphoto.com®, ©Frank Ramspott, December 7, 2009 Stream Gage Descriptions and Streamflow Statistics for Sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq By Dina K. Saleh Prepared in cooperation with MoWR and MoAWR under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense, Task Force for Business and Stability Operations Data Series 540 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Saleh, D.K., 2010, Stream gage descriptions and streamflow statistics for sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 540, 146 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 History of Streamflow-Gaging Station Program .......................................................................................4 Streamflow-Gaging Station Summaries ...................................................................................................4 Station Descriptions .............................................................................................................................4 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................4 Statistics of Monthly and Annual Mean Data ..................................................................................4 Monthly and Annual Flow Duration ...................................................................................................5 Probability of Occurrence of High or Low Discharges ...................................................................5 Stream-Gage Descriptions and Streamflow Statistics ...........................................................................7 Tigris River Basin ..................................................................................................................................7 Tigris River at Paish Khabur-Tusan (IRQ_T1) ..........................................................................7 Khabur River at Zakho (IRQ-T2) ...............................................................................................13 Tigris River at Mosul (IRQ_T3) .................................................................................................19 Rawanduz River at Jindian (IRQ_T4) ......................................................................................25 Balikian River at Balikian (IRQ_T5) ........................................................................................31 Khazir River at Bakrman Dam-Imrp (IRQ_T6) ........................................................................37 Greater Zab River at Bekhme Dam-Imrp (IRQ_T7) ...............................................................43 Khazir River at Manquba (IRQ_T8) ..........................................................................................49 Greater Zab River at Eski Kelek (IRQ_T9) ..............................................................................55 Lesser Zab River at Dokan (IRQ_T10) .....................................................................................61 Lesser Zab River at Dokan Village (IRQ_T11) ........................................................................67 Lesser Zab River at Altun Kupri-Goma Zerdela (IRQ_T12) ..................................................73 Tigris River at Fatha (IRQ_T13).................................................................................................79 Tigris River at Beiji (IRQ_T14)...................................................................................................85 Adhaim River Injana (IRQ_T15) ................................................................................................91 Diyala River at Derbendi-Khan (IRQ_T16 ) .............................................................................97 Diyala River at Discharge Site (IRQ_T17 ) ...........................................................................103 Tigris River at Baghdad (IRQ_T18) ........................................................................................109 Gharraf Canal (IRQ_T19) .........................................................................................................115 Tigris River Downstream of Kut Barrage (IRQ_T20) ...........................................................121 Euphrates River at Husaybah (IRQ_E1) ................................................................................127 Euphrates River at Hit (IRQ_E2) .............................................................................................133 Euphrates River Downstream of Hindiya Barrage (IRQ_E3) .............................................139 Data Considerations ..................................................................................................................................145 References Cited........................................................................................................................................145 iv Figures Figure 1. Map showing locations of streamflow-gaging stations for which streamflow statistics are published in this report, Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq. Site location information is unavailable for site T6. ………………………… 3 Tables Table 1. Streamflow-gaging stations for which streamflow statistics are published in this report, Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq. ………………………… 2 Conversion Factors and Datum Conversion Factors Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) SI to Inch/Pound Multiply By To obtain meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi) square kilometer (km2) 0.3861 square mile (mi2) cubic meter per second (m3/s) 35.31 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. The water years is designated by the calendar year in which the water year ends. Datum Vertical coordinate information is referenced either to an arbitrary datum or to the Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS) datum. Stream Gage Descriptions and Streamflow Statistics for Sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq By Dina K. Saleh Abstract sector to develop beyond its current status. This development in turn could lead to increased job opportunities and a reduction in Iraq’s current need for importing foodstuffs. Statistical summaries of streamflow data for all long- Water supplies from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have term streamflow-gaging stations in the Tigris River and decreased significantly over the past several decades (Ministry Euphrates River Basins in Iraq are presented in this report. of Irrigation, 1958, 1959, and 1976). This decreasing trend The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include is expected to continue as a result of upstream development (1) a station description, (2) a graph showing annual mean in Turkey, Syria, and Iran, as well as the possible effects of discharge for the period of record, (3) a table of extremes and climate change and increased drought periods on regional statistics for monthly and annual mean discharge, (4) a graph hydrology. As these traditional sources of water in Iraq showing monthly maximum, minimum, and mean discharge, decrease, use of the remaining resource will need to be (5) a table of monthly and annual mean discharges for the optimized and new sources of water will need to be developed. period of record, (6) a graph showing annual flow duration, Methods for optimizing existing water resources include the (7) a table of monthly and annual flow duration, (8) a table development of decision support systems that take advantage of high-flow frequency data (maximum mean discharge of accurate and real-time hydrologic data. Because some water for 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day periods for selected exceedance supplies in Iraq originate in high elevation mountainous areas probabilities), and (9) a table of low-flow frequency data in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, developing methods to