SİİRT MEDRESELERİNDE ARAPÇA DİL EĞİTİMİ Uğur ERMAN Yüksek Lisans Tezi Temel İslam Bilimler Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Yusuf SANCAK 2013 Her Hakkı Saklıdır ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI Uğur ERMAN SİİRT MEDRESELERİNDE ARAPÇA DİL EĞİTİMİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Doç. Dr. Yusuf SANCAK ERZURUM-2013 I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... V ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. VI KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ .......................................................................................... VII ÖNSÖZ ....................................................................................................................... VIII ARAŞTIRMANIN METODU VE KAYNAKLAR ..................................................... X GİRİŞ I-MEDRESELERİN TARİHİ GELİŞİMİ .................................................................... 1 II-SİİRT’İN KISA TARİHÇESİ ................................................................................. 15 III-TANZİMAT DEVRİNDE SİİRT’TE EĞİTİM VE ÖĞRETİM ........................ 17 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERİN YAPISI 1.1. YAPI OLARAK SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERİN DURUMU ..................... 20 1.2. NİCELİK OLARAK SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERİN DURUMU .............. 20 1.3. SİİRT VE ÇEVRESİNDE EĞİTİM VEREN MEŞHUR MEDRESELER .. 21 1.3.1 Mücâhidiyye Medresesi(Tillo Kur’an Kursu) ........................................... 21 1.3.2. Memdûhiyye Medresesi(Memdûhiyye Kur’an Kursu) ........................... 21 1.3.3. Fahr Medresesi(Fahr Kur’an Kursu) ....................................................... 21 1.3.4. Kazımiyye Medresesi .................................................................................. 22 1.3.5. Çelebi Kur’an Kursu: ................................................................................. 22 1.3.6. Hacı Abdullah Medresesi: .......................................................................... 22 1.3.7 Seyyit Ömer Medresesi: ............................................................................... 22 1.3.8. Şeyh Musa Medresesi(Şeyh Musa Kur’an Kursu): ................................. 22 1.3.9. Hüseyniyye Medresesi(Hüseyniyye Kur’an Kursu): ............................... 22 1.3.10. Şeyh Hüseyin Medresesi(Sefa Kur’an Kursu) ........................................ 23 1.3.11. Zokayd Medresesi ..................................................................................... 23 1.3.12. Şeyh Müşerref Medresesi ......................................................................... 23 1.3.13. Şeyh Hüseyin Medresesi ........................................................................... 23 1.4. SİİRT VE ÇEVRESİNDEKİ MEDRESELERDE EĞİTİM GÖRMÜŞ ÂLİMLER .................................................................................................................. 24 II 1.5. SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERDE HOCA VE ÖĞRENCİLER İÇİN KULLANILAN BİR KISIM TABİRLER .............................................................. 24 1.5.1. Seyday-ı Mezın. ........................................................................................... 24 1.5.2. Seydâ ............................................................................................................ 24 1.5.3. Müderris ...................................................................................................... 24 1.5.4. Mele .............................................................................................................. 25 1.5.5. Mir ................................................................................................................ 25 1.5.6. Tâlib .............................................................................................................. 25 1.5.7. Faki ............................................................................................................... 25 1.5.8. Haris ............................................................................................................. 25 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM BİR KURUM OLARAK SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELER 2.1. SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERİN İŞLEYİŞİ .................................................... 26 2.2. SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERİN MÜFREDAT PROGRAMI: ..................... 28 2.2.1. Öğrencinin Medreseye Kabul Edilmesi .................................................... 29 2.2.2. Siirt’teki Medreselerde Okutulan Sıra Kitapları ..................................... 30 2.2.2.1. Emsile ..................................................................................................... 30 2.2.2.2. Binâ ......................................................................................................... 31 2.2.2.3. Tasrîfu’l-İzzi .......................................................................................... 31 2.2.2.4. Avâmil-i Birgivî ..................................................................................... 32 2.2.2.5. Avâmili Cürcanî(100 Amil) .................................................................. 32 2.2.2.6. Zurûf ...................................................................................................... 32 2.2.2.7. Terkîb ..................................................................................................... 32 2.2.2.8. Sa’dullahı Sağîr ..................................................................................... 33 2.2.2.9. Âcurrûmiyye .......................................................................................... 33 2.2.2.10. Şerhü’l- Âcurrûmiyye li’l-Ezherî....................................................... 33 2.2.2.11. Mütemmimetü’l Âcurrûmiyye ........................................................... 33 2.2.2.12 Muğnî .................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2.13. Şerhü’l Muğnî ...................................................................................... 34 2.2.2.14. Sutûr ..................................................................................................... 35 2.2.2.15. Şerhu Tasrîfu’l-İzzî (Sa’dini) ............................................................. 35 III 2.2.2.16. Hall-u Meâkidu’l-Kavâid el-Lâti Sebete’t bi’d-Delâili ve’ş-Şevâhid ........................................................................................................ 36 2.2.2.17. Katru’n-Nedâ ve Bellu’s-Sedâ ........................................................... 36 2.2.2.18. el- Behcetü’l-Mardiyye fi Şerhi’l-Elfiyye .......................................... 36 2.2.2.19. Kâfiyetu İbn-i’l Hâcib ......................................................................... 37 2.2.2.20. El-Fevâidu’d-Diyâiyye (Molla Câmi) ................................................ 37 2.2.2.21. er-Risâletü’l Esîriyye (İsağoci) ........................................................... 38 2.2.2.22. Muğni’t-Tullâb .................................................................................... 38 2.2.2.23. es-Süllemü’l Münevrak ....................................................................... 39 2.2.2.24. el-Fevâidu’l-Fenâriyye(Fenâri) .......................................................... 39 2.2.2.25. Kavl-i Ahmed ....................................................................................... 39 2.2.2.26. er-Risâletü’l Adudiyye (Risâletül Vad’) ............................................ 39 2.2.2.27. Şerh-u Risâleti’l -Adudiyye (Er-Risâletü’t -Terşîhiyye) .................. 39 2.2.2.28. Şerhu’r-Risâleti’s -Semerkandiyye li’l Usâm ................................... 40 2.2.2.29. er-Risâletü’l Velediyye ........................................................................ 40 2.2.2.30. el –Habiyyetü’l Halîliyye .................................................................... 42 2.2.2.31. Abdu’l-Ğafûr(Haşiye) ......................................................................... 42 2.2.2.32. Tahrîru’l-Kavâidi’l-Mantikiyye fi Şerhi’r-Risâleti’ş-Şemsiyye ..... 42 2.2.2.33. Telhîsu’l –Miftâh ................................................................................. 43 2.2.2.34. Muhtasaru’l Meânî ............................................................................. 43 2.2.2.35. Cevheretü’t-Tevhîd ............................................................................. 46 2.2.2.36. Tuhfetü’l Mürîd alâ Cevhereti’t-Tevhîd ........................................... 46 2.2.2.37. Cemu’l-Cevâmî .................................................................................... 47 2.2.2.38. Verakât ................................................................................................. 49 2.2.3. Siirt’ teki Medreselerde Ders Takriri ....................................................... 56 2.2.4. Siirt’teki, Medreselerde Ders Verme Usûlü.............................................. 59 2.2.4.1. Medresede Ders ..................................................................................... 61 2.2.4.2. Siirt’teki Medreselerde Müzâkere Usulü ............................................ 62 2.2.4.3. Siirt’teki Medreselerde Metin/İbareEzberleme ................................. 63 2.2.4.5. Siirt Medreselerinde Metin Salonu ..................................................... 63 2.3. SİİRT’TEKİMEDRESELERDE OKUYAN ÖĞRENCİNİN BİR GÜNÜ ... 63 2.4. SİİRT MEDRESELERİNDE İCÂZET ........................................................... 65 IV 2.5. SİİRT’TEKİ MEDRESELERDE OKUTULAN ŞER’İ İLİMLER ............