Copyright © 2015 Scienceline Publication Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism Volume 5, Issue 6: 249-256; November 25, 2015 ISSN-2252-0430 Transmitting Architectures: Analysis of the Projects of Iranian Architectures in Foreign Countries Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad and Tarlan Abazari Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Building and Architecting are complex tasks that are affected by many things. Architecting abroad and for people of different cultures requires special patterns. The environment is one of the affecting factors on design. Architecting in the environment puts special orientation in front of the architecture. This article is from a research that discusses the projects of Iranian architectures living abroad. The key questions here are that “What is the common orientation of these architectures in design?”, “Why they tend to design in these manners?”, “What are the effects of the ORIGINAL ARTICLE Iranian Nationality and Iranian-Islamic Culture and Patterns on these architectures design?”, “Have these architectures S2252043015000 PII: Received 1 Received Accepted Accepted and designers got some attempts on introducing the Iranian Architecture to the world?”, “Where have the Iranian Architecture Patterns manifested in these architectures projects?” To answer the preceding questions, gathering many opuses of Iranian architectures living abroad, we are about to find out the reasons of success of these architectures, their 19 1 A design orientations and inspirations, the effect of the environment on their design and the manner of using archetypes and Oct pr . 2015 . Iranian-Islamic culture and traditional architecture in their projects. Data gathering has been done through archive studies 201 . 3 2 and by combined methods in data classification and conclusion in various levels. Comparison of these projects in various 5 - 5 classes and sub-classes was very helpful in analysis of gathered data and made it easier to reach an accurate way of analysis and architectural criticism. So, using the percentage charts, we could have accurate conclusions of the derived results in this article. All the affecting factors on design procedure have been studied in this article and the most important factors of durability of these projects has mentioned and according to this, the projects of each architect has analyzed and criticized. Keywords: Globalization, Regionalism, Iranian Architecture, Cultural Diffusion, Iranian Identity INTRODUCTION architectural contents; Concept, Construction Technology, Materials, Shape and Form and Environment-Building Architecture is a cultural characteristic. Architecting Relationship and other subgroups, we tried to answer this for people is proportional to their culture and society. In question that “Why are these projects Successful?” and fact, culture is what people live with, a complicated “Which of these contents has the most influence on this collection of knowledge, believes, arts, rules, morality, success?”. customs and anything that individual learns from their As it mentioned, the approach of the research is society. Therefore each cultural system grows in a natural based on learning and analysis of data in architectural habitat, so undoubtedly the environment influences the contents. Gathering almost 120 architectural opus beyond culture. borders and study and analyze them and then classify Regardless of historical, social, technological and them in groups and draw percentage diagrams for each geographical conditions, human always needs place, specific content, it has been show that what the most because owning a place and its identification is part of important orientation of each architect was. Later, it will human’s being and personality. Kevin Lynch, who stated be discussed that which factors are the causes of the word phantasm for the first time in 1979, believed that architecture forming and what the most important the identity of the environment is the reason of a clear determinant parameters in these orientations are. phantasm. Norberg-Schulz equalled “Place Loosing” in modern age with “De-Identification”. Learning of Theoretical Foundations traditions and cultures of the Place Architecture in native architecture and appropriate use of them could solve the Effective Factors on Design: In all ages, problems of modern architecture (Norberg-Schulz, 1988). architecture has had a great importance on making peace Therefore considering environmental conditions for and inter-cultural and rational evolution. Architecture design is of importance in architectural design respected could improve multi-cultural co-ordination and to the cultural conditions of the society. In this research, coexistence; in addition, it could benefit from the multi- using random data gathering from famous Iranian abroad- culture-ness in a society. The reason for learning the living architectures and classifying them into five basic multi-culture-ness in architecture is the Passion; architects To cite this paper: Mahdavinejad M., Abazari T. 2015. Transmitting Architectures: Analysis of the Projects of Iranian Architectures in Foreign Countries. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5 (6): 249-256. Journal homepage: http://www.ojceu.ir/main/ 249 have, and use it in studying the history during the Even today, we can notice present alien subjects and evolution of their manner-discipline (Antoniades, 2007). by this, we can find an approach to architectural Alienation has got bilateral nature that it could be creativeness. In this case, Alienation and multi-culture- useful for anyone studies it. They could learn directly ness are of educational, scientific and creative importance. from the Alienation phenomena, or enrich their Liberalism and the interest to research and understanding of the culture. Beside this, they reach levels dynamism and the on-going projects in other countries, of creativeness, they become glad and pleased of what except those who architecture faculties are concerned they have learned and they prepare for their private life with, are the main factors of this creative approach. and making new creations for their people and country. In Naturally alien and multi-cultural projects have always our opinion, studying the Alienation seriously could help been noticed and concerned by professors and creative us to reach our destination in our cultural recognition. So, architects. There are faculties that even have selected their it blows us a soul of nirvana in our creative efforts in this name according to their respect to liberal beliefs to task (Antoniades, 2007). alienation and multi-culture-ness. Multi-cultural experience could improve the design education quality by two specific advantages; first includes behavioral accomplishments, and second one includes of Imagination Reinforcement elements (Antoniades, 2007). Other effective factor on design is the environment. Not only in reality, but even in our memory architecture is closely related to the environment. Thus, it is clear that the environment plays an important role in formation of architectural understanding and considering the environment is inevitable in design. Also Mario Bouto described about the relationship between building and environment. The relationship between architecture and its fundamentals is consequences of a mutual impressibility. In fact, the fundamentals and their Figure1. Research model and inference mechanism architecture are always in a bilateral and continuous contact and always relate each other. In these cases According to Dr. Darioush Burbur, a Britain-resident architect tries to implement Regionalism approach to Iranian architecture who has been living in Europe since create an opus. Regionalism is an approach in architecture he was 12 and has done his education in well-known in which, architect uses cultural, regional, and European universities and is founder of the Iranology geographical characteristics of the area in design and so society, being abroad could be a strong motivation for the opus would possess the place’s sense and the designers to use Iranian concepts and patterns in design, belonging to place would be recoverable. On the other study and research, as it is evident in most projects of hand, the global approach has been extensively concerned abroad-living Iranian designers like Hossein Amanat that in recent years in which the construction would not belong most of his projects has studied in this research and the to the place and meta-place characteristics are used in use of Iranian patterns are very conventional in these design. But it should be considered that how these two projects. approaches oppose or interact together; regional approach On the other hand, studying Alienation has not been had been concerned in different countries or global always likely for all architects. Most deceived by the approach had been in priority? (Mahdavinejad, 2011) architectural alienation, were not strictly bound to So, the fundamental question here is that “What were architectural rules and discipline. Some was even well- the preferences and priorities of each designer in their known architects who became notorious because of the design?”, “Have the designer been successful in projects failure of the projects they severely wanted to construct making these priorities?” In this article we will give a abroad, and they have become as examples of failed brief comment on each subject according to the