IVE mbH - Infras AG - ifeu - Ingenieurgesellschaft für Consulting, Institut für Energie- Verkehrswesen mbH Analysis and und Umweltforschung Hannover Research Heidelberg GmbH Ecological Transport Information Tool for Worldwide Transports Methodology and Data Update IFEU Heidelberg INFRAS Berne IVE Hannover Commissioned by EcoTransIT World Initiative (EWI) Berne – Hannover – Heidelberg, 4th December 2014 Page 2 IFEU, INFRAS, IVE Content 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Background and task .................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Accordance with EN 16258 ......................................................................................... 6 1.3 ETW business solutions ............................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Soap-xml web service ............................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Transport list calculation ............................................................................................ 8 1.3.3 ETW on customer website ........................................................................................ 8 1.3.4 Additional features ..................................................................................................... 9 1.3.5 Methodology support included .................................................................................. 9 2 System boundaries and basic definitions .......................................................... 10 2.1 Transport service and vehicle operation system ................................................... 10 2.2 Environmental impacts ............................................................................................. 11 2.3 System boundaries of processes ............................................................................ 13 2.4 Transport modes and propulsion systems ............................................................. 15 2.5 Spatial differentiation ................................................................................................ 15 3 Basic definitions and calculation rules .............................................................. 19 3.1 Main factors of influence on energy and emissions of freight transport ............ 19 3.2 Logistics parameters ................................................................................................. 20 3.2.1 Definition of payload capacity.................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 Definition of capacity utilisation ............................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Capacity Utilisation for specific cargo types and transport modes.......................... 25 3.3 Basic calculation rules .............................................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Final energy consumption per net tonne km (TTW) ................................................ 32 3.3.2 Energy related emissions per net tonne km (TTW)................................................. 33 3.3.3 Combustion related emissions per net tonne km (TTW) ......................................... 34 3.3.4 Upstream energy consumption and emissions per net tonne km (WTT) ................ 35 3.3.5 Total energy consumption and emissions of transport (WTW) ............................... 36 3.4 Basic allocation rules ................................................................................................ 36 4 Routing of transports ........................................................................................... 39 4.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 39 4.2 Routing with resistances .......................................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Road network resistances ....................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Railway network resistances ................................................................................... 40 4.3 Sea ship routing ......................................................................................................... 41 4.3.1 Routing inland waterway ship.................................................................................. 42 4.4 Aviation routing ......................................................................................................... 42 EcoTransIT World: Methodology and Data – Update 4th December 2014 IFEU, INFRAS, IVE Page 3 4.5 Determination of transport points within combined transport chains ................. 43 4.5.1 Definition of side tracks for rail transports ............................................................... 44 5 Methodology and environmental data for each transport mode ....................... 45 5.1 Road transport ........................................................................................................... 45 5.1.1 Classification of truck types ..................................................................................... 45 5.1.2 Final energy consumption and vehicle emission factors (TTW) ............................. 46 5.1.3 Final energy consumption and vehicle emissions per net tonne km (TTW) ........... 50 5.2 Rail transport .............................................................................................................. 53 5.2.1 Train Types.............................................................................................................. 53 5.2.2 Final energy consumption (TTW) ............................................................................ 54 5.2.3 Emission factors for diesel train operation (TTW) ................................................... 60 5.3 Sea transport .............................................................................................................. 61 5.3.1 Overview of the ETW bottom-up approach ............................................................. 61 5.3.2 Development of trade-lane specific emission factors .............................................. 63 5.3.3 Allocation rules for seaborne transport ................................................................... 72 5.3.4 Allocation method and energy consumption for ferries ........................................... 73 5.4 Inland waterway transport ........................................................................................ 74 5.4.1 General approach and assumptions for inland vessels .......................................... 74 5.4.2 Emission factors for inland vessels (TTW) .............................................................. 76 5.4.3 Allocation rules for inland vessels ........................................................................... 78 5.5 Air transport ............................................................................................................... 79 5.5.1 Type of airplanes and load factor ............................................................................ 79 5.5.2 Energy consumption and emission factors (Tank-to-Wheels) ................................ 81 5.5.3 Emission Weighting Factor (EWF) .......................................................................... 85 5.5.4 Allocation method for belly freight ........................................................................... 86 5.5.5 Energy consumption and emissions of the upstream process (WTT) .................... 88 5.5.6 Exploration, extraction, transport and production of diesel fuel .............................. 89 5.5.7 Electricity production ............................................................................................... 90 5.6 Intermodal transfer .................................................................................................... 93 6 Appendix ............................................................................................................... 94 6.1 EN 16258: Default conversion factors ..................................................................... 94 6.2 Example for an ETW declaration in accordance with EN 16258 ........................... 95 6.3 Additional information to load factors ..................................................................... 96 6.3.1 Train ........................................................................................................................ 96 6.3.2 Container ................................................................................................................. 96 6.4 Detailed data of selected types of aircrafts ............................................................. 99 6.5 Allocation of electricity from CHP and its environmental impacts..................... 100 7 References .......................................................................................................... 102 8 Expressions and abbreviations ......................................................................... 108 EcoTransIT World: Methodology and Data – Update 4th December 2014 Page 4 IFEU, INFRAS, IVE Foreword The EcoTransIT Initiative (EWI) is an independent industry driven platform for carriers, logistics service providers and shippers dedicated to maintain and develop a globally recognized tool and methodology for carbon footprints and environmental impact as- sessments