Hard Red Winter Wheat 2018 Regional Quality Survey 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 1 PHOTO CREDIT: KIMBERLY WARNER 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 ph 405.744.9333 [email protected] www.plainsgrains.org Idaho Wheat Commission Colorado Wheat Oklahoma Wheat Commission www.idahowheat.org Administrative Committee www.wheat.state.ok.us www.coloradowheat.org North Dakota South Dakota Kansas Wheat Commission Wheat Commission Wheat Commission www.kswheat.com www.ndwheat.com www.sdwheat.org Washington Grain Commission Texas Wheat Producers Nebraska Wheat Board www.washingtongrainalliance.com Board and Association www.nebraskawheat.com www.texaswheat.org Montana Wheat & Barley Wyoming Wheat Committee Oregon Wheat Commission Growers Association wbc.agr.mt.gov www.owgl.org www.wyomingwheat.com 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 2 Plains Grains, Inc. Plains Grains, Inc., a non-profit, private marketing goals to have quality data for quality based marketing initiative, was the entire HRWP wheat production G area. I. formed in 2004 through the OklahomaPGI Each state may be able to produce the Wheat Commission, the Oklahoma quality needed by foreign buyers, but it Department of Agriculture, Food will take multiple states to achieve the and Forestry, the Oklahoma critical mass needed to meet the State University Division quantity needs. By working of Agricultural Sciences together as a region we and Natural Resources. can meet both quality and quantity demands. PGI was designed to bridge the gap PGI In 2004, PGI’s crop between wheat quality survey included producers, grain P G I. the Oklahoma HRW companies and foreign wheat crop. Designed as and domestic flour millers a regional marketing entity, to benefit all segments of the wheat PGI then brought five other HRW wheat industry. producing states on board for the crop quality survey in 2005. Due to the welcome PGI facilitates the appropriate wheat reception and success of PGI in the foreign quality tracking needed to provide millers marketplace, the entire Great Plains HRW with the quality information they need wheat production region now subscribes to purchase U.S. wheat. While state data to the PGI crop quality survey. is important, it is critical to Plains Grains Visit our website at www.plainsgrains.org for up-to-date information, interactive maps and more! 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 1 Feeding the World Wheat is one of the oldest and most Wheat flour is the major ingredient in widely used food crops in the nation and it many favorite foods found across the supplies approximately 20 percent of food globe. More foods are made from wheat calories for the world’s population. Whole than any other cereal grain. Wheat has the grains contain protective anti-oxidants in ability to produce a widely diverse range amounts near or exceeding those in fruits of end-use products because each class and vegetables. of wheat has distinct characteristics that create unique functionality. Wheat is the United State’s leading export crop and the fourth leading field crop. HRW wheat is a versatile wheat with The most common class produced in the excellent milling and baking characteristics United States is Hard Red Winter (HRW) for pan breads. Principally used to make wheat. The class a variety fits into is bread flour, HRW is also a choice wheat determined by its hardness, the color of for Asian noodles, hard rolls, flat breads its kernels and by its planting time. Other and as a blending improver. classes are: Durum, Hard Red Spring, Soft Hard Red Winter wheat accounts for about Red Winter, Hard White and Soft White. 40 percent of total U.S. wheat production Almost 50 percent of the U.S.’s total wheat and is grown primarily in the Great Plains production is exported. Approximately states of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, one-third of the HRW produced is exported. Oklahoma, Texas, Montana, South Dakota, Nigeria is the number one importer of U.S. North Dakota, Wyoming, and the Pacific HRW, with a little over 75 percent of its Northwest. total imports coming from the U.S. 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 2 National Wheat Overview Wheat Major Classes This fall seeded wheat is a versatile wheat with moderately high protein The six major classes of U.S. wheat are content and excellent milling and baking Hard Red Winter, Hard Red Spring, Soft characteristics. Principally used to make Red Winter, Soft White, Hard bread flour, HRW is also a choice White and Durum. Each Hard wheat for Asian noodles, class has a somewhat hard rolls, flat breads and different end use and Red Winter is commonly used as an production tends to improver for blending. be region-specific. wheat accounts This region is mostly for about Hard White (HW) is limited to production the newest class of of Hard Red Winter 40 percent of wheat, used for the and Hard White wheat same basic products as classes, therefore the total U.S. wheat HRW wheat, can provide data in this publication higher milling extraction will focus on the quality of production and requires less sweetener those classes for the current in whole-wheat products due crop year. to its milder, sweeter flavor. Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat accounts HW, which is closely related to Red for about 40 percent of total U.S. wheat wheats, receives enthusiastic reviews when production, dominates the U.S. wheat used for Asian noodles, hard rolls, bulgar, export market and is grown primarily tortillas, whole wheat or high extraction in the Great Plains, stretching from the applications, pan breads or flat breads. Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean and from Canada to Mexico. 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 3 Crop Production Review & Analysis Overview production. More than 90% of the HRW grown in these four states were rated fair, good or Despite dry growing conditions in the southern excellent in late June. states, the 2018 HRW crop has above average kernel characteristics and, in most cases, higher protein than the previous two crops. Quality Samples and Methods attributes significantly exceed the last two years Sample collection and analysis were conducted and many of the 5-year averages, results which in a collaborative effort between the USDA/ indicate that this is one of the highest quality ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab, Manhattan, HRW crops in several years and will make high Kansas and Plains Grains, Inc., a private non- quality end products. This crop meets or exceeds profit company designed to do quality testing of typical HRW contract specifications and should the Hard Red Winter Wheat crop. 478 (96% of provide high value to the customer. the long-term average) samples were collected from grain elevators when at least 30% of the Weather and Harvest local harvest was completed in the 11 states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, The 2018 hard red winter (HRW) planted area Wyoming, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, was 2.5% below the historically low planted Oregon and Idaho. area of the 2017 crop. With reduced yields and reduced area, 2018 HRW production is estimated Official grade and non-grade parameters were to be 18.0 MMT (662 mil bu), down 12% from determined on each sample. Composites were 2017’s 20.4 MMT and 20% below the 5-year then formed based on production regions and average production. Large beginning stocks protein ranges of < 11.5%, 11.5%–12.5%, and >12.5% offset the reduced production so the total HRW and milling, dough functionality and bake tests supply available for the 2018/19 marketing year were run on each of the composites. Results by is larger than three of the previous 5 years. protein ranges were then segregated by export Conditions varied across the HRW growing region and reported by tributary as well as regions. Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas were overall. Sampling was targeted at testing over extremely dry during most of the growing 80% of the Hard Red Winter Wheat production season. By the time harvest started in early June in the 11 states referenced above with weighting USDA rated 85% of HRW in these three states factors based on production calculated. The to be in fair, poor or very poor condition. Late analytical methods used to define the reported season precipitation helped to establish good parameters are described in the Methods section kernel characteristics even though rains were of this book. too late and insufficient to improve yield. In contrast, 75% to 90% of the crop rated fair, good Wheat and Grade Data or excellent in the remaining HRW states north Despite challenging growing conditions in many to eastern Montana. Because of dry conditions, areas, the 2018 crop has generally good kernel disease and insect pressure was low. characteristics. Overall 93% of Composite, 91% of Gulf-Tributary and 98% of PNW-Tributary Washington, Oregon, Idaho and central/ samples graded U.S. No. 2 or better. Test weight north central Montana had adequate moisture averages 60.9 lb/bu (80.2 kg/hl), above the throughout the year that helped maximize 2018 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 4 Crop Production Review & Analysis 5-year average of 60.3 lb/bu (79.3 kg/hl) and Flour and Baking Data above last year’s average of 60.5 lb/bu (79.6 lb/ The Buhler laboratory flour yield average is 75.1%, bu). The total defects average of 1.4% is above lower than the 2017 average of 78.1% and similar last year’s 1.2%, but below the 5-year average of to the 5-year average of 75.7%.