Aircraft incident at Turku airport, Finland on 30.12.1997 Micro-summary: This Douglas DC-9-41 experienced a runway excursion. Event Date: 1997-12-30 at 0012 local Investigative Body: Finland Accident Investigation Board (AIB), Finland Investigative Body's Web Site: http://www.onnettomuustutkinta.fi/ Cautions: 1. Accident reports can be and sometimes are revised. Be sure to consult the investigative agency for the latest version before basing anything significant on content (e.g., thesis, research, etc). 2. Readers are advised that each report is a glimpse of events at specific points in time. While broad themes permeate the causal events leading up to crashes, and we can learn from those, the specific regulatory and technological environments can and do change. Your company's flight operations manual is the final authority as to the safe operation of your aircraft! 3. Reports may or may not represent reality. 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Aircraft Accident Reports on DVD, Copyright © 2006 by Flight Simulation Systems, LLC All rights reserved. www.fss.aero Aircraft incident Report B 9/1997 L Translation of the Finnish original report Aircraft incident at Turku airport, Finland on 30.12.1997 LN-RLT DC-9-41 According to Annex 13 of the Civil Aviation Convention, paragraph 3.1, the purpose of aircraft accident and inci- dent investigation is the prevention of accidents. It is not the purpose of aircraft accident investigation or the in- vestigation report to apportion blame or to assign responsibility. This basic rule is also contained in the Investiga- tion of Accidents Act, 3 May 1985 (373/85) and European Union Directive 94/56/EC. Use of the report for reasons other than the improvement of safety should be avoided. ISBN 951-836-011-1 ISSN 1239-5323 Oy Edita Ab, Espoo 1999 B 9/1997 L Aircraft incident at Turku airport, Finland on 30.12.1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................. 1 SYNOPSIS................................................................................................................................... 3 1. FACTUAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 History of the flight .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1.1 Flight preparations...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 The flight..................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Approach and landing ................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Injuries to persons............................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Damage to aircraft............................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Other damage ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Personnel information ......................................................................................................... 8 1.5.1 Captain ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 First officer.................................................................................................................. 9 1.5.3 Cabin crew .................................................................................................................9 1.5.4 Air traffic controller .....................................................................................................9 1.6 Aircraft information............................................................................................................ 10 1.7 Meteorological information................................................................................................ 10 1.8 Aids to navigation.............................................................................................................. 11 1.9 Communications ...............................................................................................................11 1.10 Airport information............................................................................................................. 11 1.11 Flight recorders ................................................................................................................. 12 1.12 Description of the incident site and aircraft inspection ..................................................... 12 1.12.1 Description of the incident site .............................................................................. 12 1.12.2 External inspection of the aircraft.......................................................................... 13 1.13 Medical information........................................................................................................... 13 1.14 Fire .................................................................................................................................... 13 1.15 Survival aspects................................................................................................................ 13 1.15.1 Notifications of the incident ................................................................................... 13 1.15.2 Operation of the rescue organization.................................................................... 14 1.15.3 Survival aspects .................................................................................................... 14 1.16 Tests and research ........................................................................................................... 14 1.16.1 General.................................................................................................................. 14 1.16.2 Flight Data Recorder information .......................................................................... 14 1.16.3 Cockpit Voice Recorder information ..................................................................... 14 1.17 Organizational and management information................................................................... 15 1.17.1 General.................................................................................................................. 15 B 9/1997 L Aircraft incident at Turku airport, Finland on 30.12.1997 1.17.2 Flight Operations Manual...................................................................................... 15 1.17.3 DC-9 Aeroplane Flight Manual.............................................................................. 16 1.17.4 Route Manual........................................................................................................ 16 1.17.5 Braking action measurement ................................................................................ 17 1.18 Additional information ....................................................................................................... 17 2 ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1 Runway conditions............................................................................................................19 2.2 Human factors................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 The captain’s flying routine ............................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Turku aerodrome control.......................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Tampere area control............................................................................................... 23 3 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Findings............................................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Probable cause ................................................................................................................. 27 4 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 28 APPENDICES 1. Radio communications on Turku TWR frequency 118.3 Mhz 2. Comments of HSL, Aircraft Accident Investigation Board, Norway 3. Comments of SHK, Board of Accident Investigation, Sweden 4. Comments of Flight Safety Authority, Finland 5. Comments of SAS Accident Investigation 6. Comments of Air Navigation Services department, CAA Finland 7. Turku airport comments B 9/1997 L Aircraft incident at Turku airport,