INDEX Agamben, Giorgio 507 Axis Powers 74, 89, 111, 122, 135, 138, Aho, Juhani 486 173, 339, 362, 369, 549 Ahonen, Sirkka 36, 462 see also Hungary; Italy; Japan; Ahtisaari, Martti 466, 494 Romania Ahto, Sampo 20, 541–3, 547–8 air raids 1, 11 (fi g.), 59, 71–2, 78, Baltic Sea (region) 2, 52 (map), 56, 64, 144, 153, 172 (table), 173, 181, 191, 65 (map), 68, 75, 77 (map), 107, 206, 193, 195, 198, 212 (fi g.), 215, 223, 230, 399 259–60, 326, 340 Baltic States 3, 5, 49, 52 (map), 53–4, Airo, Aksel 174 57–8, 65 (map), 67, 76, 88, 94, 97, 191, Ajossaari Island 377 251, 274, 379, 381, 399, 493 Åland Islands 52 (map) see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania Alasjärvi, Lake 508, 511, 513, 515 Bay of Vyborg 150, 163–4, 461 Alexander I, Czar 49 Behring, Emil Adolf von 338 Allied Control Commission 9, 25 n.41, Belorussia 80–1, 159–60, 164, 381, 387 30, 85 (fi g.), 86, 89, 169, 390, 392, Benelux countries 5, 67, 97, 129, 338 478 n.96 Berlin 65 (map), 66, 68, 80, 124–5, 160, Allied Powers (Western Powers) 187, 369, 388 during and aft er the Continuation Beveridge, William 352 War 1, 8, 76, 78–80, 82–3, 87–9, Bion, Wilfred 291–2 113–4, 128, 135, 155 (map), 156, Björklund, Johannes 270 272, 394, 404, 457, 466, 480, 491 Björkman, Sven and Rakel 279, 284, during the Winter War and the 298, 300–2, 304–6, 308–10 Interim Peace 2, 15 n.15, 22, 62–4, Blomstedt, Yrjö 529 n.28, 544–5 65 (map), 78, 98, 150, 187 Blücher, Wipert von 26, 93, 95–6, see also France; Great Britain; United 100–1, 106–7, 109–10, 112, 116–23, States 125, 129, 131, 133–4, 138 Anderson, Benedict 271, 499 Bonaparte, Napoléon 49 Anthoni, Arno 528–30, 534, Breyer, Hans Joachim 370 537, 544–5 Buchwiser, Arthur 372 anti-communism 6, 8–9, 25, 43, 50–1, Butler, Judith 34 53, 55–6, 58, 71, 74, 87, 94–5, 104, 106, 108, 113, 178, 195–6, 259, 360, Castrén, Erik 388, 389, 523 362, 440–1, 445, 470, 522, 525 (fi g.), casualties, see deaths 554–5 centrism and liberalism, political 9, 54, see also Russophobia; 56, 70, 79, 123, 129, 206, 237, 240, 244, war propaganda 256, 319, 326, 448, 521, 527 Antonescu, Ion 104, 110–2, 135 children 18, 30, 193, 196, 198, Arctic Ocean 52 (map), 83, 86, 142, 206, 208, 210, 212 (fi g.), 213–6, 145, 149 218–9, 221–3, 231–2, 242, 255, 260, Arendt, Hannah 534 282, 300–1, 316–7, 320–4, 326–35, Armistice of 1944 1, 2, 25, 30, 81, 83, 338–43, 346–8, 350–3, 407, 409–10, 86–7, 89–90, 165, 169, 223–4, 247, 421, 423, 427, 437, 472, 475–8, 267, 272–3, 390–1, 439, 490 505–6, 519 Arnstadt, Henrik 557 see also deaths, infant mortality; Auer, Väinö 403 evacuations, “war children”; Auschwitz 77 (map), 523, 527, 533, 543, families 552, 552 n.108 Churchill, Winston 78 566 index citizenship 42, 53, 177–8, 181, 185–6, Denmark 2, 5, 30 n.57, 58, 64–5, 65 234–5, 237–8, 248, 256–7, 269, 274, (map), 67, 75, 97, 101, 117, 128, 163, 315, 317, 317 n.5, 319, 324, 332, 346, 217, 249, 317 n.6, 319, 337–8, 343, 351–4, 386–8, 443, 521–2 346, 522 civic and non-governmental see also Nordic orientation and social organizations 33, 195, 209–10, 213, state in Finland 240, 316, 318, 321–3, 325–6, 330, deportations and internments 8, 18–9, 336–7, 344 (fi g.), 353, 445, 448, 451, 27, 27 n.47, 43, 74–5, 228–9 (map and 488, 491, 496–8, 506–7, 514 table), 230, 325, 385–92, 472 n.77, see also Civil Guards; Lotta Svärd 523–4, 526–30, 534–5, 537, 540, Organization 544–6, 552, 555–6, 558 Civil Guards (Defense Corps) 25 n.41, see also Eastern Karelia, Finnish 30, 50–1, 53, 87, 143–4, 175, 177, 195, internment camps; evacuations 210, 212 (fi g.), 213, 237, 358, 337 Dietl, Eduard 126 (fi g.) Civil War of 1918 23, 36, 41, 50–1, 55, DiNardo, Richard 113, 138 177, 182, 194, 195, 233, 235–41, Doneson, Judith 540–1 243–5, 247–8, 269, 273–4, 315, Donner, Sven E. 253 321, 358, 443, 467, 469–70, 473, Dvina (Viena) Karelia, see Eastern 488–9, 574 Karelia class, see social strata Cohen, William 549 Eastern Front, German-Soviet 2, 8, communism, Finnish 3, 9, 25, 53–4, 58, 15–6, 69, 74, 76, 77 (map) 79–81, 93, 63, 70, 86–9, 91, 181, 195, 200, 237, 100, 104, 108, 122, 152, 157–9, 166, 243–4, 246, 261, 290, 317 n.5, 378, 173, 202, 369–70, 375, 456, 490, 535, 442, 447, 449, 467, 529–30 539, 559–60 see also Soviet Union, communism Operation Barbarossa 1, 5–6, 11 (fi g.), and Stalinism; youth radicalism, 13–6, 22, 40, 68, 76, 103, 105–7, postwar 112, 120, 135–6, 152–4, 155 (map), conservatism 9, 19, 30, 79, 87, 94, 98, 224, 369, 442, 521, 539 131, 134, 243, 249, 254, 326, 329, Eastern Karelia 2 n.1, 27 n.45, 51, 52 440, 443, 467, 473, 501, 537, 540–1, (map), 263, 395–6, 399–400, 403–4, 545, 558 406 (fi g.), 483–90, 498–9 Croatia 6, 135 Finnish internment camps 31 (fi g.), culture, see everyday life and culture, 43, 228–9 (map and table), 384 wartime, (fi g.), 386–9, 472–3, 547–8 Czechoslovakia 5, 6, 90, 135 Finnish military occupation 8, 13, 16–7, 43, 69, 71–2, 74, 76, 154, 155 Danielsbacka, Mirkka 257 (map), 156–9, 164, 198–9, 249–53, deaths 267, 382, 396, 404, 423, 440, 455, casualties of war 172 (table), 215–6, 471, 484, 499 266 (fi g.), 274, 329, 330 n.49, 340, Finnish occupation policies 7, 17, 19, 373, 389, 472, 548, 558 31 (fi g.), 43–4, 228–9 (map and culture of sacrifi ce and military table), 259–60, 382, 384–90, 392, burials 35, 41, 178, 197, 233–5, 396–8, 404, 407–23, 425, 428–31, 236, 238–40, 244, 265 (fi g.), 275, 448, 478 n.96, 547, 554 435, 439–40, 458, 504 (fi g.), see also evacuations, Soviet citizens; 525 (fi g.) Finnic peoples; Greater Finland infant mortality 321–2, 330, ideology; Karelianism 332–3, 349 economy 18, 25, 102, 109, 194, 203–5, prisoner-of-war mortality 27, 43, 207–9, 214, 231–2, 315, 319–20, 172 n.2, 360–1, 364, 367, 372, 322–3, 347, 376, 495, 497–8 374–6, 378–80, 389–90, 393, 425, agriculture 75, 86, 159, 161, 183, 198, 548 204–10, 214, 224, 227, 230, 232, suicides 264 296–7, 341, 363–4, 502.