Master of Science in Spatial Planning June 2020 Housing Supply for the Group Outside the Ordinary Housing Market An analysis of the regional and the municipal planning in Sweden Harry Brar Faculty of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Main field of study is Spatial Planning. The thesis is equivalent to 10 weeks of full time studies. The authors declare that they are the sole authors of this thesis and that they have not used any sources other than those listed in the bibliography and identified as references. They further declare that they have not submitted this thesis at any other institution to obtain a degree. Contact Information: Author: Harry Brar University advisor: Jimmie Andersén Department of Spatial Planning Faculty of Engineering Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 ii Faculty of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden 3 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................6 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................8 1.1 THE HOUSING SUPPLY ...............................................................................................................8 1.2 THE GROUP OF PEOPLE OUTSIDE THE HOUSING MARKET....................................................................9 2 AIM OF RESEARCH .................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 RESEARCH QUESTION .............................................................................................................. 10 2.3 DELIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 DISPOSITION ......................................................................................................................... 11 3 METHOD ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY .............................................................................................................. 12 3.2 DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH ....................................................................................................... 12 3.3 GROUNDED THEORY ............................................................................................................... 14 3.4 SELECTION............................................................................................................................ 14 3.5 CASE STUDY .......................................................................................................................... 15 4 RESEARCH OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 16 4.1 THE HOUSING QUESTION ......................................................................................................... 16 4.2 THE RIGHT TO HOUSING........................................................................................................... 16 4.3 DIFFICULTIES WITH LOCAL HOUSING SUPPLY AT A PUBLIC LEVEL ........................................................ 17 4.4 CRITICISM ON THE INVESTIGATION ............................................................................................. 18 5 HOUSING .................................................................................................................................. 20 5.1 THE HOUSING MARKET ............................................................................................................ 20 5.2 THE SITUATION FOR THE GROUP OUTSIDE THE HOUSING MARKET ...................................................... 20 5.3 GOVERNANCE ....................................................................................................................... 22 5.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR HOUSING SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 23 5.5 HOUSING SUPPLY ACCORDING TO THE LAW .................................................................................. 23 5.6 REGIONAL ANALYSES OF THE HOUSING MARKET ............................................................................ 24 5.7 BOVERKET´S HOUSING MARKET SURVEY ..................................................................................... 24 5.8 GUIDELINES FOR HOUSING SUPPLY ............................................................................................. 24 5.9 MUNICIPALITIES' TOOLS FOR HOUSING SUPPLY ............................................................................. 25 5.9.1 Municipal planning monopoly ........................................................................................ 26 5.9.2 Comprehensive plans and detailed plans ........................................................................ 26 5.9.3 Land policy..................................................................................................................... 26 5.9.4 Public housing companies .............................................................................................. 26 5.9.5 Housing office ................................................................................................................ 27 5.9.6 Municipal guarantees for rents ...................................................................................... 27 6 EMPIRICAL DATA ...................................................................................................................... 28 6.1 REGIONAL PLANNING IN STOCKHOLM ......................................................................................... 28 6.1.1 RUFS 2050 ..................................................................................................................... 28 6.1.2 Visions and goals ........................................................................................................... 29 6.2 INVESTIGATION OF THE MUNICIPAL HOUSING SUPPLY ..................................................................... 31 6.2.1 Stockholm municipality .................................................................................................. 31 4 6.2.2 Sundbyberg municipality ................................................................................................ 34 6.2.3 Österåker municipality ................................................................................................... 37 7 ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 41 7.1 THE REGIONAL PLAN ............................................................................................................... 41 7.2 THE MUNICIPALITIES' GUIDELINES .............................................................................................. 41 7.2.1 Stockholm ...................................................................................................................... 41 7.2.2 Sundbyberg.................................................................................................................... 42 7.2.3 Österåker ....................................................................................................................... 42 8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 43 9 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 45 10 SOURCES................................................................................................................................... 46 List of figures Figure 1. Safe and affordable housing .................................................................................................8 Figure 2. The situation on the housing market 1983 - 2019 ............................................................... 20 Figure 3. Adopted guidelines ............................................................................................................. 25 Figure 4. The Stockholm region ......................................................................................................... 28 Figure 5. Population and housing stock in the Stockholm region ....................................................... 29 5 ABBREVIATIONS In the thesis the name Boverket is used, which is also the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning in Sweden. Furthermore, the name region has been chosen to be used as county council has been replaced. AKBL - the Municipal Housing Companies Act / Lag om allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsaktiebolag (Allbolagen) BFL - the Housing Supply Act / Lag om kommunernas bostadsförsörjningsansvar (Bostadsförsörjningslagen) BMA - Regional housing market analysis / Regionala bostadsmarknadsanalyser BME - The Housing Market Survey / Bostadsmarknadsenkäten BTH - Blekinge Institute of Technology / Blekinge Tekniska