This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html). To receive publishing updates, please subscribe at http://www.apd.army.mil/AdminPubs/new_subscribe.asp. *FM 6-22 Field Manual Headquarters No. 6-22 Department of the Army Washington, DC, -XQH Leader Development Contents Page PREFACE............................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................Y INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1 LEADER DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................ 1-1 Tenets of Army Leader Development ................................................................. 1-1 The Challenge for Leader Development ............................................................ 1-2 Leadership Requirements .................................................................................. 1-3 Cohesive and Effective Teams ...........................................................................1-5 Growth Across Levels of Leadership and by Cohorts ........................................ 1-7 Transitions across Organizational Levels ........................................................... 1-8 Chapter 2 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 2-1 Unit Leader Development Programs .................................................................. 2-2 Evaluation of Leader Development Programs.................................................. 2-18 Chapter 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT ........................................................... 3-1 Section I – Setting Conditions ........................................................................ 3-2 Learning Environment ........................................................................................ 3-3 Knowledge of Subordinates................................................................................ 3-6 Section II – Providing Feedback ..................................................................... 3-8 Observation Planning ......................................................................................... 3-8 Accurate Observations and Assessments .......................................................... 3-8 Feedback Delivery ............................................................................................ 3-11 Section III – Enhancing Learning .................................................................. 3-16 Leader Role Models ......................................................................................... 3-17 Mentorship ........................................................................................................ 3-17 Guided Discovery Learning .............................................................................. 3-22 Coaching........................................................................................................... 3-25 Study ................................................................................................................. 3-26 Section IV – Creating Opportunities ............................................................. 3-28 Challenging Experiences .................................................................................. 3-29 Leader Selection ...............................................................................................3-30 Leader Succession ........................................................................................... 3-31 Career Development and Management ........................................................... 3-32 Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 6-22, dated 12 October 2006. i Contents Chapter 4 SELF-DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 4-1 Strengths and Developmental Needs Determination ..........................................4-1 Goal Setting ........................................................................................................4-5 Self-enhanced Learning ......................................................................................4-9 Learning in Action .............................................................................................4-16 Chapter 5 UNIQUE ASPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT ....................................................... 5-1 Character ............................................................................................................5-1 Judgment and Problem Solving ..........................................................................5-2 Adaptability ..........................................................................................................5-7 Chapter 6 LEADER PERFORMANCE INDICATORS......................................................... 6-1 Accurate and Descriptive Observations ..............................................................6-1 Application of the Performance Indicators ..........................................................6-1 Chapter 7 LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ............................................... 7-1 Capability Evaluation and Expansion ..................................................................7-1 Developmental Activities .....................................................................................7-2 Leads Others .......................................................................................................7-5 Builds Trust .......................................................................................................7-10 Extends Influence Beyond the Chain of Command ..........................................7-12 Leads by Example .............................................................................................7-15 Communicates ..................................................................................................7-23 Creates a Positive Environment/Fosters Esprit de Corps................................. 7-28 Prepares Self ....................................................................................................7-38 Develops Others ...............................................................................................7-46 Stewards the Profession ...................................................................................7-51 Gets Results ......................................................................................................7-53 GLOSSARY .......................................................................................... Glossary-1 REFERENCES .................................................................................. References-1 INDEX ......................................................................................................... Index-1 Figures Introductory Figure 1. Integrating diagram ...............................................................................vii Figure 1-1. Army leadership requirements model ..................................................................1-4 Figure 1-2. Army team building process model ..................................................................... 1-6 Figure 2-1. Example unit leader development program outline ............................................. 2-8 Figure 2-2. Example unit leader development program ......................................................... 2-9 Figure 2-3. Example battalion NCO development program ................................................. 2-12 Figure 2-4. Example battalion platoon sergeant development program ..............................2-13 Figure 2-5. Example battalion leader development program for lieutenants ....................... 2-15 Figure 2-6. Example unit leader development scorecard .................................................... 2-19 Figure 3-1. Fundamentals of developing leaders .................................................................. 3-2 Figure 3-2. Example IDP ........................................................................................................3-7 Figure 3-3. Example SOAR feedback notes ........................................................................ 3-10 Figure 4-1. Example of self-development goal development ................................................. 4-8 ii FM 6-22 -XQH Contents Tables Table 1-1. Principles of mission command linkage to Army leadership requirements ...........1-5 Table 1-2. Signs of ineffective and effective teams ................................................................1-7 Table 2-1. Goals and end states of the leader development plan ..........................................2-4 Table 2-2. Enablers for learning .............................................................................................2-5 Table 2-3. Developmental activities and opportunities ...........................................................2-6 Table 3-1. Learning principles ................................................................................................3-5 Table 3-2. Mentor roles and responsibilities .........................................................................3-18 Table 5-1. Examples of reflective questions ...........................................................................5-3 Table 5-2. Example questions to focus thinking .....................................................................5-5