TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1 OF 3 CROP GROUPING PETITION – LEAFY VEGETABLES, TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION) TO 40 CFR 180.41 (c) AND 180.1 (g) (Alexanders, leaves; Amaranth; Amaranth, bush greens; Amaranth, Chinese; Amaranth, slender; Amaranth, slim; Amaranth, spiny; Amaranth, spleen; Arugula; Aster, Indian; Beet, garden, leaves; Bellflower, Chinese, leaves; Blackjack; Blue ape, leaves; Broccoli raab; Broccoli, Chinese; Cabbage, Abyssinian; Cabbage, Seakale; Cassava, leaves; Cat’s Whiskers; Cham-chwi; Cham-na-mul; Chayote, leaves; Chervil; Chicory, leaves; Chinese cabbage (bok choy); Chinese flat cabbage; Chipilin; Chrysanthemum, corn; Chrysanthemum, edible-leaved; Chrysanthemum, garland; Chrysanthemum, tricolor; Collards; Corn salad; Corn salad, Italian; Cosmos; Cress, American; Cress, Garden; Cress, Upland; Dandelion; Dock; Dol-nam-mul; Ebolo; Endive; Fameflower; Feather cockscomb; Fern, Black lady; Fern, Bracken; Fern, Broad buckler; Fern, Cinnamon; Ferns, Edible (Fiddleheads); Fern, Lady; Fern, Leather; Fern, Mother; Fern, Ostrich; Fern, Vegetable; Fern, Zenmai; Flowering white cabbage (choi sum); Good King Henry; Hanover salad; Huauzontle; Iceplant; Jute; Kabuna; Kale; Kale, branching bush; Kale, Jersey; Kale, marrow-stem; Lamb’s lettuce; Lettuce, bitter; Lettuce, head; Lettuce, leaf; Lettuce, Romaine; Maca; Mizuna; Mustard greens; Mustard, field greens; Mustard, leaf; Mustard, big-stem; Mustard, tuberous rooted Chinese; Orach; Parsley, fresh; Parsley, Italian; Peppergrass; Plantain, buckhorn; Plantain, common; Primrose, English; Purple-stem mustard; Purslane, Garden; Purslane, Winter; Radish, leaves; Radish, Oil, leaves; Radish, Rat-tail, greens; Rampion, leaves; Rape greens; Rocket, wild; Rutabaga, greens; Salsify, black, leaves; Shepherd’s purse; Sowthistle; Sowthistle, field; Spinach; Spinach, Malabar; Spinach, New Zealand; Sweet potato, leaves; Swiss chard; Tanier Spinach; Tanier, leaves; Taro, leaves; Turnip, greens; Ulluco, leaves; Velvet plant, leaves; Violet, Chinese; Watercress; Yam, leaves; Yam, Chinese, leaves; Yam, Greater, leaves; Yam, Lesser, leaves; Yam, Mapuey, leaves; Yam, White, leaves; Yam, Yellow, leaves) PR 10777 AUTHORS William P. Barney and Tracey Switek INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4 RUTGERS UNIVERSITY 500 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, 201W PRINCETON, NJ 08540 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. A - 27200-13-11, Supported by State, U.S. Hatch Act and other U.S. Department of Agriculture funds. Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1 OF 3 ....................................................................................................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................2 TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION): ................................................................................3 PROPOSED AMENDMENT ......................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 7 CULTURAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 7 PEST PROBLEMS ......................................................................................................... 7 PROPOSED CROP GROUP .......................................................................................... 8 PROPOSED CROP GROUP AND SUBGROUPS...................................................... 12 CROP DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................. 13 SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSIONS ......................................... 14 Table 1. Tolerances established on Leafy Vegetables.................................................. 17 Table 2. Tolerances established on Brassica Leafy Vegetables ................................................30 Table 3. Tolerances established on Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables (Human Food)............................................................................................................................. 40 Table 4. Leafy Greens Production in 2009 (FAOSTAT) ............................................. 42 Table 5. Crop Group Comparisons – Leafy Vegetables............................................... 43 ATTACHMENT 1. CHEMSAC PROPOSAL – MAY 5, 2010....................................................51 ATTACHMENT 2. CHEMSAC MINUTES – MAY 19, 2010 ....................................................61 ATTACHMENT 3. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL ..........................................................................68 ATTACHMENT 4. MONOGRAPHS – LEAFY VEGETABLES ...............................................87 ATTACHMENT 5. MONOGRAPHS – BRASSICA LEAFY VEGETABLES.........................137 ATTACHMENT 6. MONOGRAPHS – LEAVES OF ROOT AND TUBER VEGETABLES (HUMAN FOOD) ........................................................................................................................177 ATTACHMENT 7. MONOGRAPH REFERENCES..................................................................203 VOLUME 2. REFERENCES VOLUME 3. REFERENCES Page 2 TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION): 40 CFR 180.41 (c) IR-4 Project and the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC) propose an amendment to 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (4) Crop Group 4, Leafy Vegetables. PROPOSED AMENDMENT Amend the existing crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (4) that consists of the following subgroups and 27 commodity entries: Crop Subgroup 4A. Leafy greens subgroup: 1. Amaranth (leafy amaranth, Chinese spinach, tampala), Amaranthus spp. 2. Arugula (Roquette), Eruca sativa 3. Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium 4. Chrysanthemum, Edible-leaved, Chrysanthemum coronarium var. coronarium 5. Chrysanthemum, Garland, Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum 6. Corn salad, Valerianella locusta 7. Cress, garden, Lepidium sativum 8. Cress, upland (yellow rocket, winter cress), Barbarea vulgaris 9. Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale 10. Dock (sorrel), Rumex spp. 11. Endive (escarole), Cichorium endivia 12. Lettuce, leaf and head, Lactuca sativa 13. Orach, Atriplex hortensis 14. Parsley, Petroselinum crispum 15. Purslane, Garden, Portulaca oleracea 16. Purslane, Winter, Montia perfoliata 17. Radicchio (red chicory), Cichorium intybus 18. Spinach, Spinacia oleracea 19. Spinach, New Zealand, Tetragonia tetragonioides, T. expansa 20. Spinach, Vine (Malabar spinach, Indian spinach, Basella alba Crop Subgroup 4B. Leaf petioles subgroup: 21. Cardoon, Cynara cardunculus 22. Celery, Apium graveolens var. dulce 23. Celery, Chinese, Apium graveolens var. secalinum 24. Celtuce, Lactuca sativa var. angustana 25. Fennel, Florence (finochio), Foeniculum vulgare Azoricum Group 26. Rhubarb, Rheum rhabarbarum 27. Swiss chard, Beta vulgaris var. cicla Page 3 To an expanded crop group that consists of the following subgroups and commodity entries: Crop Subgroup 4A. Leafy greens subgroup: 1. Amaranth, Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus spp.; including Spiny amaranth, Amaranthus spinosus L.; Spleen amaranth, Amaranthus dubius C. Mart. ex. Thell.; Slim amaranth, Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.; Bush greens, Amaranthus cruentus L.; Slender amaranth, Amaranthus viridis L.; Amaranth, Chinese, Amaranthus tricolor L. 2. Aster, Indian, Asteraceae, Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip. 3. Blackjack, Asteraceae, Bidens pilosa L. 4. Cat’s Whiskers, Cleomaceae, Cleome gynandra L. 5. Cham-chwi, Asteraceae, Doellingeria scabra (Thunb.) Nees 6. Cham-na-mul, Apiaceae, Pimpinella calycina Maxim 7. Chervil, Apiaceae, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., 8. Chipilin, Fabaceae, Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn. 9. Chrysanthemum, corn, Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. Including Shungiku, Glebionis carinata (Schousb.) Tzvelev 10. Chrysanthemum, edible-leaved, Asteraceae, Glebionis spp. 11. Chrysanthemum, garland, Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach 12. Chrysanthemum, tricolor, Glebionis carinata (Schousb.) Tzvelev 13. Corn salad, Valerianaceae, Valerianella spp.; including Lamb’s lettuce, Valerianella locusta (L.) and Italian Corn salad, Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. 14. Cosmos, Asteraceae, Cosmos caudatus Kunth 15. Dandelion, Asteraceae, Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. aggr. 16. Dock, Polygonaceae, Rumex patientia L. 17. Dol-nam-mul, Crassulaceae, Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 18. Ebolo, Asteraceae, Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore 19. Endive, Asteraceae, Cichorium endivia L. ssp. endivia 20. Fameflower, Portulacaceae, Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. 21. Feather cockscomb, Amaranthaceae, Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. 22. Ferns, Edible (Fiddleheads): Including: Black lady fern, Woodsiaceae, Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato; Bracken fern, Dennstaedtiaceae, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn; Broad buckler fern, Dryopteridaceae, Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray; Cinnamon fern, Osmundaceae, Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl; Lady fern, Woodsiaceae, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mert.; Leather fern, Pteridaceae, Acrostichum aureum L.; Mother fern, Woodsiaceae, Diplazium proliferum (Lam.) Thouars; Ostrich fern, Onocleaceae, Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.; Vegetable fern, Woodsiaceae, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.; Zenmai fern, Osmundaceae, Osmunda japonica Thunb. [all by crop definition] 23. Good King Henry, Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. 24. Huauzontle, Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. 25. Iceplant, Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. 26. Jute, Tiliaceae, Corchorus spp. Page 4 27. Lettuce, bitter,