The Social Sciences 11 (12): 3063-3068, 2016 ISSN: 1818-5800 © Medwell Journals 2016 Islam in Shinto Local Value: The Substance oflslamic Culture and Social Values in Japanese Culture 1Ishomuddin, 2DS. Vina Salviana, 3Tonny Dian Effendy, 4Norio Suzuki and 5Aiko Kashimura 1Department of Sociology oflslamic Society, University ofMuhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia 2Department of Sociology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia 3Department of International Relations, University ofMuhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia 4Department of Political Philosophy, Aichi University, Nagoya, Japan 5Department of Sociology, Psychoanalysis, Aichi University, Nagoya, Japan Abstract: Based on previous studies, noted that the Japanese have a culture that is similar to the culture of Indonesia. This may be caused by these two countries are geographically located in Asia. Only the State of Japan is a modem and secular state while Indonesia is a developing country and the religion. Based on some existing cultural similarities, the researchers wanted to see Japanese culture from the perspective of Islamic cultures. Thus, the purpose of this study was formulated as follows: describes the relationship between the core of Islamic culture and social values and culture and traditions are taught in Japanese society, universal values are taught in Japanese society so in tune with the values oflslam. By using a qualitative approach, this study want to get the data as the answer to both these objectives. This study prioritizes the data which is based on observation, indept-interview and documentation. The results showed the following conclusions: first, despite the same Japanese culture with the culture of Islam but there are differences in resources used for the cultivation of culture. Japanese culture rooted in Shinto and Shinto culture for the nation of Japan is not a religion but culture whereas Islamic culture rooted in the teachings of Islam. Second, the doctrine of the preservation of nature as in Islam, the third, the freedom of religion and faith. Tolerance and freedom of religion in Islam is also an important part of Islamic teachings. Key words: Islam, Islamic culture, japanese culture, local values, social values INTRODUCTION whereas the Japanese people do not care about religion but subject to local or cultural traditions. Even the This study is one part of a larger theme multiyear Japanese government does not take care of religion. research conducted by the author entitled: "Local and Religion or belief rests entirely by citizens. Religious Values Relations on Women Empowerment in In the constitution of Japan, the government should Indonesia and Japan". State the reason for choosing not interfere in religious affairs. It is strictly forbidden to Japan as the research object because the development of wear the state budget for matters related to religious Muslims in Japan showed a considerable increase affairs. In Article 20 says that all religious institutions relevant because the development of Muslims in Japan should not be given the privilege of a state and should reason for choosing Japan as the research object. not carry out political forces, the country and so for the Japanese people is a modem nation and have high development or maintenance of the institution, must not self-esteem. In general, Japanese people do not care about conduct any particular religion and religious education. religion but in a life governed by the cultures and And in Article 89 says that state money should not be traditions are synonymous with religious teachings. used for religious institutions. These conditions are the special characteristics of According to the studies that have been done, there Japanese society than the people in Indonesia who are is about 70% of Japanese have a religion, especially, using religion as a cultural resource. The most common young Japanese are so no matter the religion (In 1996, differences between the people of Japan with Indonesia students who believe in a particular religion is only 7 .6%). is that the people of Indonesia is obliged to choose one Japanese people do not care about other people's religion of the formal religions recognized by the government or not and ifhe believes a particular religion, he usually Corresponding Author: Ishomuddin, Department of Sociology of Islamic Society, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia 3063 The Soc. Sci., II (12): 3063-3068, 2016 does not like to show off their own religion. Japanese Shinto. This form is sinthesa of several sects and then people do not interfere other people's personal affairs and finds its highest expression in worship of the Emperor and religious issues are considered as a private matter. Prime loyalty to the State and the family. Shinto (from the Minister once occupied by the Christians, his name is Chinese Shen and Tao which means "Way of Souls") is Masayoshi Ohira from 1978-1980. Indeed, the number of called Kami-no-michi in Japanese, Kami means many gods Christians only 1% of the Japanese population but did not or natural life. become a problem and did not affect its policies. This sort Shinto (literally means "the road or lane to god") is a of thing can not be said for the Japanese nation on religion that originated in Japan. From the time of the Meiji religious tolerance is more accurately described as the Restoration rmtil the end of World War 2, the Emperor indifference of the Japanese people to religion. was forced by American soldiers to release the belief in The religion of Islam includes the eastern and western things that are transcendental at that time. Shinto is the ends of the world, including to the cmmtry of Japan. The official religion in Japan (Smart). Shinto religion involving number of Muslims in Japan is still relatively small but worship Kami which can be translated as gods, nature growmg rapidly. Estimated to number armmd spirits or a spiritual presence. Partial of Kami are local and 110, 000-120, 000, including about I 0, 000 Muslims Japanese can be regarded as representing the spirit of the area but original. According to research conducted Hirofwni Kami more represent objects and the main natural Tanada, professor of hwnan sciences at Waseda processes such as Amaterasu, the srm goddess University of Tokyo said there were 58 mosques in Japan (Ellwood). in April 2009 and has recently established again, rmtil the After World War 2, Shinto lost its status as the total of 60 mosques. In addition to the mosque, he said, official religion, a portion of the Shinto teachings and there are more than 100 small mosques or places of prayer activities that were previously considered essential in while scattered throughout the cormtiy. Tanada explained times of war, abandoned and no longer taught. Some of that Islam arrived in Japan in the early l 920's when them stay afloat but has lost its religious connotations, hrmdreds of Muslim Turks emigrated from Russia after the for example omikuji (a kind of lottery to guess luck). Russian Revolution of 191 7. Shinto became known in the Y ayoi period (300 BC). There Culturally, though the Japanese people do not care are also those who say that Shinto is an ancient Japanese about religion but in everyday life Japanese national religion that was born arormd 500 BC were originally from character when seen from the perspective of Islam, the amorphous mix of nature worship, fertility cults, showing very religious. Despite the presence oflslam has divination techniques, hero worship and shamanism. In been a while in Japan but Muslim leaders in Japan has the 8th century AD, the Yamato Dynasty ruling in control never stated that the character and behavior of Japan of most areas of Japan. Divine origins were ascribed to the influenced by the culture or teachings oflslam. While the imperial family. Shinto is the official religion of Japan and behavior of the Japanese in relation to social life even as so is Buddhism. Shinto is Japan's indigenous religion in many are similar to the behavior oflslamic teachings. The the past and is still practiced today but made a lot of question is where did or based on whether the behavior modifications, especially due to the influence of is taught in Japanese people is that? Based on the Buddhism and Confucianism (Reader and Tanabe, 1998). backgrormd mentioned above, this study was aimed at Shinto currently more celebrated within the framework of describes the relationship between the core of Islamic ritual and religious festivals (Kevin, 2011 ). Shinto shrine culture and social values and culture and traditions are called Shrines whereas for Buddhism called Temple. taught in Japanese society, rmiversal values are taught in Shinto has been revered and recognized by the Japanese Japanese society so in trme with the values of Islam. for centuries before the arrival of Buddhism that goes through China and Korea in the sixth century. Even at the Literature review present time where the Holy Shinto religion are formd in The history of Shinto religion: In some literature the Buddhist Temple. This is showing a remarkable says that the Shinto religion appear to start arormd integration where there are also many Shinto deities who 2500-3000 years ago in Japan. This religion has thirteen entered as Buddhist deities and vice versa (Souyb, 1983). sects. Each of the 13 ancient sects has its O\Vll formder The phenomenon is very similar to what happened in (Djamannuri, 2009). Followers totaled approximately Indonesia, where there is rmification of Confucianism, 30 mln. people. The dominant amormt of Japan's largest. Taoism and Buddhism in one rmit as in the temples of Most are Buddhists. There are two major separation in the Confucianism. Shinto deities called Kami, also contained Shinto religion. The first is the thirteen ancient sects, in the Gohonzon. As for some of the gods, supernatural almost the same everything.